{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943394420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091030","title":"On the Reliability of Surface Current Measurements by X-Band Marine Radar","display_name":"On the Reliability of Surface Current Measurements by X-Band Marine Radar","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943394420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091030","mag":"2943394420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1030/pdf?version=1557138631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1030/pdf?version=1557138631","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019393948","display_name":"Katrin Hessner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122139","display_name":"OceanWaveS (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qqh1v44","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122139"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katrin G. Hessner","raw_affiliation_strings":["OceanWaveS GmbH, 21339 L\u00fcneburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OceanWaveS GmbH, 21339 L\u00fcneburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056922793","display_name":"Saad El Dine El Naggar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad El Naggar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086829697","display_name":"Wilken\u2010Jon von Appen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7200-0099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilken-Jon von Appen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048955914","display_name":"Volker Strass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7539-1400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker H. Strass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019393948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122139"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.3061,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87089752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"1030","last_page":"1030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.6678799986839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.608758270740509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5844281911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5436912775039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-doppler-current-profiler","display_name":"Acoustic Doppler current profiler","score":0.49042603373527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.48871850967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.46005553007125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4259573221206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.37901198863983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.36178767681121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1818796992301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17961722612380981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14274483919143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1230631172657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10922807455062866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.6678799986839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.608758270740509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5844281911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5436912775039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779365185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624383","display_name":"Acoustic Doppler current profiler","level":3,"score":0.49042603373527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.48871850967407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46005553007125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4259573221206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37901198863983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.36178767681121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1818796992301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17961722612380981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14274483919143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1230631172657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10922807455062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1030/pdf?version=1557138631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epic.awi.de:49633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400378","display_name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799732068","host_organization_name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799732068"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:affd0f162c294a14953a86f8e66df50a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/affd0f162c294a14953a86f8e66df50a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 1030 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/9/1030/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11091030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/9/1030/pdf?version=1557138631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943394420.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943394420.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580403184","https://openalex.org/W1960647921","https://openalex.org/W1983900998","https://openalex.org/W1987998205","https://openalex.org/W2013434969","https://openalex.org/W2024008385","https://openalex.org/W2031457744","https://openalex.org/W2034066382","https://openalex.org/W2058076059","https://openalex.org/W2081736824","https://openalex.org/W2086574676","https://openalex.org/W2087105482","https://openalex.org/W2113329640","https://openalex.org/W2125441934","https://openalex.org/W2160196939","https://openalex.org/W2177193178","https://openalex.org/W2390191360","https://openalex.org/W2411809572","https://openalex.org/W2414503607","https://openalex.org/W2748066638","https://openalex.org/W2902135031","https://openalex.org/W3105018599","https://openalex.org/W6675867802","https://openalex.org/W6756719475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123544990","https://openalex.org/W2997966224","https://openalex.org/W2185431742","https://openalex.org/W2909023754","https://openalex.org/W2388727058","https://openalex.org/W2725450689","https://openalex.org/W362331054","https://openalex.org/W3185043831","https://openalex.org/W2350863260","https://openalex.org/W2042975402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"quality-controlled":[1],"surface":[2,202],"current":[3,85,155,203],"data":[4,21,75,120,170],"derived":[5],"from":[6],"X-Band":[7],"marine":[8],"radar":[9],"(MR)":[10],"measurements":[11,88,140,204],"were":[12,22],"evaluated":[13],"to":[14,70,96],"estimate":[15],"their":[16],"operational":[17],"reliability.":[18],"The":[19,43,122,159],"presented":[20],"acquired":[23],"by":[24,48,53],"the":[25,38,54,64,100,103,118,136,146,149,200],"standard":[26,124],"commercial":[27],"off-the-shelf":[28],"MR-based":[29,201],"sigma":[30],"s6":[31],"WaMoS\u00ae":[32,55,104,138,164],"II":[33,56,105,139],"(WaMoS\u00ae":[34],"II)":[35],"deployed":[36],"onboard":[37],"German":[39],"Research":[40],"vessel":[41],"Polarstern.":[42],"measurement":[44,147],"reliability":[45],"is":[46],"specified":[47],"an":[49],"IQ":[50],"value":[51],"obtained":[52],"real-time":[57],"quality":[58],"control":[59],"(rtQC).":[60],"Data":[61],"which":[62],"pass":[63],"rtQC":[65,151],"without":[66],"objection":[67],"are":[68,89,205],"assumed":[69],"be":[71],"reliable.":[72,208],"For":[73],"these":[74],"sets":[76],"accuracy":[77,106],"and":[78,148,156,167,191,207],"correlation":[79,174],"with":[80,180],"corresponding":[81],"vessel-mounted":[82],"acoustic":[83],"Doppler":[84],"profiler":[86],"(ADCP)":[87],"determined.":[90],"To":[91],"reduce":[92],"potential":[93],"misinterpretation":[94],"due":[95],"short-term":[97],"oceanic":[98],"variability/turbulences,":[99],"evaluation":[101],"of":[102,117,135,145,162,175],"was":[107],"carried":[108],"out":[109],"based":[110],"on":[111],"sliding":[112],"means":[113],"over":[114],"20":[115],"min":[116],"reliable":[119],"only.":[121],"associated":[123],"deviation":[125],"\u03c3":[126,192],"W":[127],"a":[128,142,173,184],"M":[129],"o":[130],"S":[131,193],"=":[132,194],"0.02":[133],"m/s":[134,190],"mean":[137],"reflect":[141],"high":[143],"precision":[144],"successful":[150],"during":[152],"different":[153],"wave,":[154],"weather":[157],"conditions.":[158],"direct":[160],"comparison":[161],"7272":[163],"II/ADCP":[165],"northward":[166],"eastward":[168],"velocity":[169],"pairs":[171],"yield":[172],"r":[176],"\u2265":[177],"0.94":[178],",":[179],"|":[181,187],"b":[182],"i":[183],"s":[185],"\u0394":[186],"\u2264":[188],"0.06":[189],"0.05":[195],"m/s.":[196],"This":[197],"confirms":[198],"that":[199],"accurate":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
