{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2937361336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070852","title":"Maritime Over the Horizon Sensor Integration: HFSWR Data Fusion Algorithm","display_name":"Maritime Over the Horizon Sensor Integration: HFSWR Data Fusion Algorithm","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2937361336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070852","mag":"2937361336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070852","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/852/pdf?version=1554796559","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/852/pdf?version=1554796559","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010978455","display_name":"Dejan Nikoli\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-5503"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dejan Nikolic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vlatacom Institute; Belgrade 59714, Serbia","Belgrade 59714, Serbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vlatacom Institute; Belgrade 59714, Serbia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Belgrade 59714, Serbia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102956568","display_name":"Nikola Stojkovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-3852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Stojkovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Vlatacom Institute, Beograd 101801, Serbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Vlatacom Institute, Beograd 101801, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088147802","display_name":"Zdravko Popovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2309"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zdravko Popovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vlatacom Institute; Belgrade 59714, Serbia","Belgrade 59714, Serbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vlatacom Institute; Belgrade 59714, Serbia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Belgrade 59714, Serbia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101512052","display_name":"Nikola Tosic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4756-2310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Tosic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Vlatacom Institute, Beograd 101801, Serbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Vlatacom Institute, Beograd 101801, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040614871","display_name":"Nikola Leki\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7543-3319"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Lekic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vlatacom Institute; Belgrade 59714, Serbia","Belgrade 59714, Serbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vlatacom Institute; Belgrade 59714, Serbia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Belgrade 59714, Serbia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042344623","display_name":"Zoran Stankovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4419-1200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152518017","display_name":"University of Nis","ror":"https://ror.org/00965bg92","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoran Stankovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Nis 700132, Serbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Nis 700132, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043759310","display_name":"Neboj\u0161a Don\u010dov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9057-6737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152518017","display_name":"University of Nis","ror":"https://ror.org/00965bg92","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nebojsa Doncov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Nis 700132, Serbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Nis 700132, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010978455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.4232,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91479834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"852","last_page":"852"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/over-the-horizon-radar","display_name":"Over-the-horizon radar","score":0.7199394702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6903754472732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.664536714553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6321671009063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6228012442588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5200640559196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.48952922224998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.392819881439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3793065547943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35746634006500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.14542773365974426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183617614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332548","display_name":"Over-the-horizon radar","level":3,"score":0.7199394702911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6903754472732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.664536714553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6321671009063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6228012442588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5200640559196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.48952922224998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.392819881439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3793065547943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35746634006500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.14542773365974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070852","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/852/pdf?version=1554796559","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:04e922191cae464389191850aa42de05","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/04e922191cae464389191850aa42de05","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 852 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/7/852/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 7; Pages: 852","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070852","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/852/pdf?version=1554796559","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2937361336.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2937361336.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1590979642","https://openalex.org/W1984090089","https://openalex.org/W2018065034","https://openalex.org/W2018764772","https://openalex.org/W2022665288","https://openalex.org/W2093853851","https://openalex.org/W2118663408","https://openalex.org/W2136273036","https://openalex.org/W2236034700","https://openalex.org/W2438123238","https://openalex.org/W2577529645","https://openalex.org/W2793314072","https://openalex.org/W2797039605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2180954594","https://openalex.org/W2052835778","https://openalex.org/W2049003611","https://openalex.org/W2127804977","https://openalex.org/W1877701906","https://openalex.org/W2181301244","https://openalex.org/W2003829086","https://openalex.org/W3095111243","https://openalex.org/W2362516259","https://openalex.org/W2138368585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,104,163],"order":[1,164],"to":[2,165],"provide":[3],"a":[4,26,35,66,100,124,142,158,198],"constant":[5],"and":[6,96,121,139,156,180,193],"complete":[7],"operational":[8],"picture":[9],"of":[10,28,50,154,160,172],"the":[11,15,22,41,45,54,87,92,107,115,128,152,167,170,173,178,183],"maritime":[12],"situation":[13],"in":[14,40,53,72,141,151],"Exclusive":[16],"Economic":[17],"Zone":[18],"(EEZ)":[19],"at":[20,91],"over":[21],"horizon":[23],"(OTH)":[24],"distances,":[25],"network":[27,42,159],"high":[29],"frequency":[30],"surface-wave-radars":[31],"(HFSWR)":[32],"slowly":[33],"becomes":[34],"necessity.":[36],"Since":[37],"each":[38],"HFSWR":[39],"tracks":[43,62,77],"all":[44],"targets":[46],"it":[47],"detects":[48],"independently":[49],"other":[51],"radars":[52],"network,":[55],"there":[56],"will":[57],"be":[58],"situations":[59],"where":[60],"multiple":[61,111],"are":[63,83,119],"formed":[64],"for":[65],"single":[67,93,125],"vessel.":[68],"The":[69,134,146],"algorithm":[70,90,135,168,179],"proposed":[71],"this":[73,105],"paper":[74],"utilizes":[75],"radar":[76,94],"obtained":[78,109,185],"from":[79,110,114,186],"individual":[80],"HFSWRs":[81,112],"which":[82],"already":[84],"processed":[85],"by":[86,177,197],"multi-target":[88],"tracking":[89],"level,":[95],"fuses":[97],"them":[98],"into":[99,123],"unique":[101],"data":[102,108,195],"stream.":[103],"way,":[106],"originating":[113],"very":[116],"same":[117],"target":[118],"weighted":[120],"combined":[122],"track.":[126],"Moreover,":[127],"weighting":[129],"approach":[130],"significantly":[131],"reduces":[132],"inaccuracy.":[133],"is":[136,149],"designed,":[137],"implemented,":[138],"tested":[140],"real":[143],"working":[144],"environment.":[145],"testing":[147],"environment":[148],"located":[150],"Gulf":[153],"Guinea":[155],"includes":[157],"two":[161],"HFSWRs.":[162],"validate":[166],"outputs,":[169],"position":[171],"vessels":[174],"was":[175],"calculated":[176],"compared":[181],"with":[182,190],"positions":[184],"several":[187],"coastal":[188],"sites,":[189],"LAIS":[191],"receivers":[192],"SAIS":[194,199],"provided":[196],"provider.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}