{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2936531934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070850","title":"Analysis of Four Years of Global XCO2 Anomalies as Seen by Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2","display_name":"Analysis of Four Years of Global XCO2 Anomalies as Seen by Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2936531934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070850","mag":"2936531934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070850","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/850/pdf?version=1554797298","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/850/pdf?version=1554797298","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002114513","display_name":"Janne Hakkarainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5281-8985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janne Hakkarainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049923623","display_name":"Iolanda Ialongo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-0756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iolanda Ialongo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079113628","display_name":"Shamil Maksyutov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-9577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200202764","display_name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02hw5fp67","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200202764"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamil Maksyutov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-0053, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-0053, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200202764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023183976","display_name":"David Crisp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-9998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Crisp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002114513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":8.1742,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98275083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"850","last_page":"850"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.6374599933624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6227694153785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.5928792953491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latitude","display_name":"Latitude","score":0.5610358119010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-burning","display_name":"Biomass burning","score":0.5406475067138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.4931425452232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observatory","display_name":"Observatory","score":0.42899784445762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3138542175292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2228938639163971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1814335286617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13580700755119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol","display_name":"Aerosol","score":0.08103376626968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.07848355174064636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6374599933624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6227694153785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.5928792953491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.5610358119010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019268976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18537","display_name":"Biomass burning","level":3,"score":0.5406475067138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4931425452232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779919027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832","display_name":"Observatory","level":2,"score":0.42899784445762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3138542175292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2228938639163971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1814335286617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13580700755119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.08103376626968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.07848355174064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070850","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/850/pdf?version=1554797298","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:922cce44657e4400a87fb881386b7a8a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/922cce44657e4400a87fb881386b7a8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 850 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/7/850/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 7; Pages: 850","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070850","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/850/pdf?version=1554797298","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6673330338","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DACES project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6885877159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"303876","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8579019944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"312125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936531934.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936531934.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518142140","https://openalex.org/W1547591757","https://openalex.org/W1904230536","https://openalex.org/W1965446559","https://openalex.org/W1974959374","https://openalex.org/W1997468364","https://openalex.org/W2019623635","https://openalex.org/W2026629099","https://openalex.org/W2027404493","https://openalex.org/W2036192608","https://openalex.org/W2113653283","https://openalex.org/W2117213541","https://openalex.org/W2119294956","https://openalex.org/W2135419069","https://openalex.org/W2166165736","https://openalex.org/W2259374129","https://openalex.org/W2295249668","https://openalex.org/W2408470791","https://openalex.org/W2508427873","https://openalex.org/W2523742139","https://openalex.org/W2529373853","https://openalex.org/W2547552060","https://openalex.org/W2738771715","https://openalex.org/W2756223094","https://openalex.org/W2756906114","https://openalex.org/W2760848730","https://openalex.org/W2762155383","https://openalex.org/W2762558415","https://openalex.org/W2763551617","https://openalex.org/W2779051105","https://openalex.org/W2797140717","https://openalex.org/W2805566474","https://openalex.org/W2886397182","https://openalex.org/W2889027520","https://openalex.org/W2909518746","https://openalex.org/W2915336810","https://openalex.org/W2916069439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357146953","https://openalex.org/W1554583116","https://openalex.org/W1852911463","https://openalex.org/W4379178153","https://openalex.org/W2075453317","https://openalex.org/W4289760565","https://openalex.org/W2377904730","https://openalex.org/W2811614092","https://openalex.org/W2372902801","https://openalex.org/W2964221142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"NASA\u2019s":[0],"carbon":[1],"dioxide":[2],"mission,":[3],"Orbiting":[4],"Carbon":[5],"Observatory-2,":[6],"began":[7],"operating":[8],"in":[9,38,138,147,180,217,234,256,290],"September":[10],"2014.":[11],"In":[12,262],"this":[13,235],"paper,":[14],"we":[15,238,264],"analyze":[16,265],"four":[17],"years":[18],"(2015\u20132018)":[19],"of":[20,81,90,202,230,246,281,298],"global":[21,309],"(60\u00b0S\u201360\u00b0N)":[22],"XCO2":[23,91,145,188,241,267],"anomalies":[24,60,85,116,156,174,226,242,268],"and":[25,29,49,66,69,95,101,134,157,192,211,259,304],"their":[26],"annual":[27],"variations":[28],"seasonal":[30,96],"patterns.":[31],"We":[32,53,75,110,151],"show":[33],"that":[34,114],"the":[35,39,55,59,79,82,84,87,123,135,148,168,171,177,181,200,208,212,218,244,257,266,271,287,296],"anomaly":[36,209],"patterns":[37,210],"column-averaged":[40],"CO2":[41,306],"dry":[42],"air":[43],"mole":[44],"fraction,":[45],"XCO2,":[46],"are":[47,215],"robust":[48],"consistent":[50],"from":[51,63,190],"year-to-year.":[52],"evaluate":[54],"method":[56],"by":[57,186],"comparing":[58],"to":[61,70,99,118,176,301],"fluxes":[62,158],"anthropogenic,":[64],"biospheric,":[65],"biomass":[67,102,160],"burning":[68,161],"model-simulated":[71],"local":[72,251],"concentration":[73],"enhancements.":[74],"find":[76,153],"that,":[77],"despite":[78],"simplicity":[80],"method,":[83],"describe":[86],"spatio-temporal":[88],"variability":[89,97],"(including":[92],"anthropogenic":[93,247,282],"emissions":[94],"related":[98],"vegetation":[100],"burning)":[103],"consistently":[104],"with":[105,270],"more":[106],"complex":[107],"model-based":[108,213],"approaches.":[109],"see,":[111],"for":[112,249],"example,":[113],"positive":[115,144,155,225],"correspond":[117,175],"fossil":[119,283],"fuel":[120,284],"combustion":[121],"over":[122,159,227,286],"major":[124],"industrial":[125],"areas":[126,162],"(e.g.,":[127],"China,":[128],"eastern":[129],"USA,":[130],"central":[131],"Europe,":[132],"India,":[133],"Highveld":[136,288],"region":[137,289],"South":[139,291],"Africa),":[140],"shown":[141],"as":[142,279],"large":[143],"enhancements":[146,189],"model":[149],"simulations.":[150],"also":[152],"corresponding":[154],"during":[163],"different":[164],"fire":[165],"seasons.":[166],"On":[167],"other":[169],"hand,":[170],"largest":[172,205],"negative":[173,187],"growing":[178],"season":[179,229],"northern":[182],"middle":[183],"latitudes,":[184],"characterized":[185],"simulations":[191],"high":[193],"solar-induced":[194],"chlorophyll":[195],"fluorescence":[196],"(SIF)":[197],"values":[198],"(indicating":[199],"occurrence":[201],"photosynthesis).":[203],"The":[204,293],"discrepancies":[206],"between":[207],"results":[214,294],"observed":[216],"tropical":[219],"regions,":[220],"where":[221],"OCO-2":[222],"shows":[223],"persistent":[224],"every":[228,231],"year":[232],"included":[233],"study.":[236],"Finally,":[237],"demonstrate":[239],"how":[240],"enable":[243],"detection":[245],"signatures":[248,307],"several":[250],"scale":[252],"case":[253],"studies,":[254],"both":[255],"Northern":[258],"Southern":[260],"Hemisphere.":[261],"particular,":[263],"collocated":[269],"recent":[272],"TROPOspheric":[273],"Monitoring":[274],"Instrument":[275],"NO2":[276],"observations":[277,300],"(used":[278],"indicator":[280],"combustion)":[285],"Africa.":[292],"highlight":[295],"capability":[297],"satellite-based":[299],"monitor":[302],"natural":[303],"man-made":[305],"on":[308],"scale.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
