{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2939847452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070845","title":"Decreasing the Uncertainty of the Target Center Estimation at Terrestrial Laser Scanning by Choosing the Best Algorithm and by Improving the Target Design","display_name":"Decreasing the Uncertainty of the Target Center Estimation at Terrestrial Laser Scanning by Choosing the Best Algorithm and by Improving the Target Design","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2939847452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070845","mag":"2939847452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070845","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/845/pdf?version=1554728270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/845/pdf?version=1554728270","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110674414","display_name":"Jannik Jan\u00dfen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jannik Jan\u00dfen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012935852","display_name":"Tomislav Medi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-5783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomislav Medic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071453769","display_name":"Heiner Kuhlmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9758-7721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiner Kuhlmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006132386","display_name":"Christoph Holst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-4322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Holst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110674414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.8999,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83347396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"845","last_page":"845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.5913314819335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5911611914634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5831871032714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.5481345057487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.47744637727737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center","display_name":"Center (category theory)","score":0.43483296036720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.40815168619155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3284009099006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26629167795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22480443120002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15619134902954102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12967360019683838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5913314819335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5911611914634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5831871032714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.5481345057487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.47744637727737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.43483296036720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.40815168619155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3284009099006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26629167795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22480443120002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15619134902954102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12967360019683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070845","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/845/pdf?version=1554728270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de:20.500.11811/11651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/11651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402493","display_name":"bonndoc (University of Bonn)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","host_organization_name":"University of Bonn","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c301cc89ce74c48bdf2914d74ef7340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c301cc89ce74c48bdf2914d74ef7340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 845 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/7/845/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070845","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/845/pdf?version=1554728270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2939847452.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2939847452.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50180086","https://openalex.org/W104259237","https://openalex.org/W232200222","https://openalex.org/W404831753","https://openalex.org/W1561467989","https://openalex.org/W1973657735","https://openalex.org/W2012777860","https://openalex.org/W2016560277","https://openalex.org/W2031898746","https://openalex.org/W2037272510","https://openalex.org/W2043575561","https://openalex.org/W2081321639","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2085432534","https://openalex.org/W2094444495","https://openalex.org/W2097141908","https://openalex.org/W2099468946","https://openalex.org/W2124497906","https://openalex.org/W2126381112","https://openalex.org/W2128690690","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2146384884","https://openalex.org/W2150279355","https://openalex.org/W2235523642","https://openalex.org/W2240438304","https://openalex.org/W2320880707","https://openalex.org/W2538777287","https://openalex.org/W2584582287","https://openalex.org/W2614669934","https://openalex.org/W2621088016","https://openalex.org/W2734570423","https://openalex.org/W2734987164","https://openalex.org/W2748411592","https://openalex.org/W2794341916","https://openalex.org/W2796339691","https://openalex.org/W2924881791","https://openalex.org/W6609096601","https://openalex.org/W6614058752","https://openalex.org/W6654628822","https://openalex.org/W6941291613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252337044","https://openalex.org/W118630527","https://openalex.org/W38289631","https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W2402761219","https://openalex.org/W2592886773","https://openalex.org/W2922142213","https://openalex.org/W2188431416","https://openalex.org/W2785900585","https://openalex.org/W4211121235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,21,24,26,29,45,48,51,55,58,67,70,79,86,102,107,129,145,150,155,183,202],"registration":[2],"and":[3,57,153,166,197,205],"georeferencing":[4],"of":[5,23,28,47,69,111,160],"terrestrial":[6],"laser":[7,184],"scans,":[8],"it":[9,89],"is":[10,53,62],"common":[11],"to":[12,15,35,92,140,177,201],"use":[13],"targets":[14,204],"mark":[16],"discrete":[17],"points.":[18],"To":[19],"improve":[20],"accuracy":[22],"registration,":[25],"uncertainties":[27,68,190],"target":[30,59,113,156],"center":[31],"estimation":[32],"(TCE)":[33],"have":[34],"be":[36,192],"minimized.":[37],"The":[38,189],"present":[39],"study":[40],"examines":[41],"different":[42,83,112],"factors":[43],"influencing":[44],"precision":[46],"TCE.":[49,108],"Here,":[50],"focus":[52],"on":[54],"algorithm":[56,97,152],"design.":[60],"It":[61],"determined":[63],"that,":[64],"in":[65,163,169],"general,":[66],"TCE":[71],"are":[72],"much":[73],"smaller":[74,141],"than":[75,144],"those":[76],"indicated":[77],"by":[78,194],"manufacturers.":[80],"By":[81,148],"comparing":[82],"algorithms":[84],"for":[85,106,172],"first":[87],"time,":[88],"was":[90,136],"possible":[91],"clearly":[93],"determine":[94],"that":[95],"an":[96,118],"using":[98],"image":[99],"correlations":[100],"yields":[101],"smallest":[103],"standard":[104,142,158],"deviations":[105,143,159],"A":[109],"comparison":[110],"designs":[114],"could":[115,191],"not":[116],"identify":[117],"ideal":[119],"commercially":[120],"available":[121],"target.":[122],"For":[123],"this":[124],"reason,":[125],"a":[126,173],"new":[127],"target,":[128],"BOTA8":[130],"(BOnn":[131],"TArget":[132],"with":[133,182],"8-fold":[134],"pattern)":[135],"developed,":[137],"which":[138],"leads":[139],"previous":[146],"targets.":[147],"choosing":[149],"best":[151],"improving":[154],"design,":[157],"0.5":[161],"mm":[162],"distance":[164,175],"direction":[165,171],"1.2":[167],"arcsec":[168],"angular":[170,198],"scan":[174],"up":[176],"100":[178],"m":[179],"were":[180],"achieved":[181],"scanner":[185],"Leica":[186],"ScanStation":[187],"P20.":[188],"reduced":[193],"several":[195],"millimetres":[196],"seconds":[199],"compared":[200],"manufacturer\u2019s":[203],"software.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}