{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2931833875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070796","title":"RAVAN: CubeSat Demonstration for Multi-Point Earth Radiation Budget Measurements","display_name":"RAVAN: CubeSat Demonstration for Multi-Point Earth Radiation Budget Measurements","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2931833875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070796","mag":"2931833875","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31157118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070796","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/796/pdf?version=1554344750","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/796/pdf?version=1554344750","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068166648","display_name":"W. H. Swartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-7189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William H. Swartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010673500","display_name":"Steven R. Lorentz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven R. Lorentz","raw_affiliation_strings":["L-1 Standards and Technology, Manassas, VA 20109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L-1 Standards and Technology, Manassas, VA 20109, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103505915","display_name":"S. J. Papadakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stergios J. Papadakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012529350","display_name":"Philip M. Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip M. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112414149","display_name":"A. W. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan W. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["L-1 Standards and Technology, Manassas, VA 20109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L-1 Standards and Technology, Manassas, VA 20109, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032215304","display_name":"David M. Deglau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Deglau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102168225","display_name":"Yinan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["L-1 Standards and Technology, Manassas, VA 20109, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L-1 Standards and Technology, Manassas, VA 20109, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032056646","display_name":"Sonia M. Reilly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia M. Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031321063","display_name":"Nolan M. Reilly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nolan M. Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078759734","display_name":"Donald E. Anderson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald E. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068166648"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":35.4535,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99385537,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"796","last_page":"796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cubesat","display_name":"CubeSat","score":0.882766604423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.8071463108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6872660517692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.48972514271736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.48529237508773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.4256632924079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3440789580345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.33772552013397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3038237690925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2169238030910492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.20306149125099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14449641108512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09969788789749146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142930","display_name":"CubeSat","level":3,"score":0.882766604423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.8071463108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6872660517692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.48972514271736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.48529237508773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.4256632924079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3440789580345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.33772552013397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3038237690925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2169238030910492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.20306149125099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14449641108512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09969788789749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070796","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/796/pdf?version=1554344750","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31157118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31157118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote sensing","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab6f4c4b0588412f8b6eb24a8a43a663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab6f4c4b0588412f8b6eb24a8a43a663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 7, p 796 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/7/796/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 7; Pages: 796","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6544159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6544159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sens (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11070796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070796","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/7/796/pdf?version=1554344750","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3804968058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX13AM53G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5827361992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC18K1523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2931833875.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2931833875.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964231525","https://openalex.org/W1971542470","https://openalex.org/W1983810404","https://openalex.org/W1993713496","https://openalex.org/W2007040778","https://openalex.org/W2010451462","https://openalex.org/W2011727210","https://openalex.org/W2023239579","https://openalex.org/W2032535038","https://openalex.org/W2040641322","https://openalex.org/W2073773661","https://openalex.org/W2077027149","https://openalex.org/W2084910942","https://openalex.org/W2087474520","https://openalex.org/W2088471061","https://openalex.org/W2089951478","https://openalex.org/W2090272153","https://openalex.org/W2110967629","https://openalex.org/W2136736608","https://openalex.org/W2141433795","https://openalex.org/W2141748334","https://openalex.org/W2143144469","https://openalex.org/W2144347609","https://openalex.org/W2172442654","https://openalex.org/W2254373983","https://openalex.org/W2472054196","https://openalex.org/W2490828082","https://openalex.org/W2562974335","https://openalex.org/W2564368646","https://openalex.org/W2611772571","https://openalex.org/W2737799891","https://openalex.org/W2767482752","https://openalex.org/W2803954342","https://openalex.org/W2963225476","https://openalex.org/W4213327538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945062501","https://openalex.org/W4387801927","https://openalex.org/W4283688242","https://openalex.org/W3928735","https://openalex.org/W2318944645","https://openalex.org/W3120983635","https://openalex.org/W2112125009","https://openalex.org/W2958553511","https://openalex.org/W4387829527","https://openalex.org/W4387829305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,157,231],"Radiometer":[1],"Assessment":[2],"using":[3],"Vertically":[4],"Aligned":[5],"Nanotubes":[6],"(RAVAN)":[7],"3U":[8,210,277],"CubeSat":[9,211],"mission":[10,242,333],"is":[11,28,41,86,161],"a":[12,66,126,145,162,174,244,264,276,302,318],"pathfinder":[13],"to":[14,133,177,298,344,351,359],"demonstrate":[15,335],"technologies":[16],"for":[17,30,44,52,74,100,144,215,225,261,321],"the":[18,24,32,42,87,106,114,131,134,179,193,205,227,238,241,248,258,289,308,315,322,325,332,337,352],"measurement":[19],"of":[20,26,35,56,89,164,181,195,207,240,284,307,324],"Earth's":[21,102],"radiation":[22,104,347],"budget,":[23],"quantification":[25],"which":[27,222,295],"critical":[29],"predicting":[31],"future":[33,303,366],"course":[34,239],"climate":[36,262],"change.":[37],"A":[38],"specific":[39],"motivation":[40],"need":[43],"lower-cost":[45],"technology":[46,159,353],"alternatives":[47],"that":[48,170,213,266,356],"could":[49],"be":[50,299,342],"used":[51,172,343],"multi-point":[53],"constellation":[54],"measurements":[55,330],"Earth":[57,228],"outgoing":[58,103,346],"radiation.":[59],"RAVAN":[60,78],"launched":[61],"11":[62],"November":[63],"2016,":[64],"into":[65],"nearly":[67],"600-km,":[68],"Sun-synchronous":[69],"orbit,":[70],"and":[71,105,118,149,199,218,243,250,273,286,291,334,354,362],"collected":[72],"data":[73],"over":[75,125,237],"20":[76],"months.":[77],"successfully":[79],"demonstrates":[80],"two":[81,191],"key":[82],"technologies.":[83,253],"first":[85],"use":[88],"vertically":[90],"aligned":[91],"carbon":[92],"nanotubes":[93],"(VACNTs)":[94],"as":[95,173],"absorbers":[96],"in":[97,204,288,301,365],"broadband":[98],"radiometers":[99,188,232],"measuring":[101],"total":[107],"solar":[108,217],"irradiance.":[109],"VACNT":[110,249],"forests":[111],"are":[112,150,171,202,223,280,368],"arguably":[113],"blackest":[115],"material":[116],"known":[117],"have":[119,141,297],"an":[120,208],"extremely":[121],"flat":[122],"spectral":[123],"response":[124],"wide":[127],"wavelength":[128],"range,":[129],"from":[130,331],"ultraviolet":[132],"far":[135],"infrared.":[136],"As":[137],"radiometer":[138,183,252,338],"absorbers,":[139],"they":[140],"greater":[142,256,363],"sensitivity":[143],"given":[146],"time":[147,339],"constant":[148],"more":[151],"compact":[152],"than":[153,257],"traditional":[154],"cavity":[155,251],"absorbers.":[156],"second":[158],"demonstrated":[160],"pair":[163,194],"gallium":[165,196],"phase-change":[166],"black":[167,197,309],"body":[168],"cells":[169],"stable":[175],"reference":[176],"monitor":[178],"degradation":[180],"RAVAN's":[182],"sensors":[184],"on":[185,275],"orbit.":[186],"Four":[187],"(two":[189],"VACNT,":[190],"cavity),":[192],"bodies,":[198],"associated":[200],"electronics":[201],"accommodated":[203],"payload":[206],"agile":[209],"bus":[212],"allows":[214],"routine":[216],"deep-space":[219],"attitude":[220],"maneuvers,":[221],"essential":[224],"calibrating":[226],"irradiance":[229],"measurements.":[230],"show":[233],"excellent":[234],"long-term":[235],"stability":[236],"high":[245],"correlation":[246],"between":[247],"Short-term":[254],"variability-at":[255],"tenths-of-a-Watt/m<sup>2</sup>":[259],"needed":[260],"accuracy-is":[263],"challenge":[265],"remains,":[267],"consistent":[268],"with":[269],"insufficient":[270],"thermal":[271],"knowledge":[272],"control":[274],"CubeSat.":[278],"There":[279],"also":[281],"VACNT-cavity":[282],"biases":[283],"3%":[285],"6%":[287],"Total":[290],"SW":[292],"channels,":[293],"respectively,":[294],"would":[296,357],"overcome":[300],"mission.":[304],"Although":[305],"one":[306],"bodies":[310],"failed":[311],"after":[312],"four":[313],"months,":[314],"other":[316],"provided":[317],"repeatable":[319],"standard":[320],"duration":[323],"project.":[326],"We":[327],"present":[328],"representative":[329],"how":[336],"series":[340],"can":[341],"reconstruct":[345],"spatial":[348],"information.":[349],"Improvements":[350],"approach":[355],"lead":[358],"better":[360],"performance":[361],"accuracy":[364],"missions":[367],"discussed.":[369]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}