{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2922230163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060640","title":"Multi-Level Classification Based on Trajectory Features of Time Series for Monitoring Impervious Surface Expansions","display_name":"Multi-Level Classification Based on Trajectory Features of Time Series for Monitoring Impervious Surface Expansions","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2922230163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060640","mag":"2922230163"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11060640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060640","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/640/pdf?version=1552668633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/640/pdf?version=1552668633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335556","display_name":"Beibei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beibei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086116798","display_name":"Zhenjie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-8470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057571908","display_name":"A\u2010Xing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-0460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A-Xing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Social Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Social Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038186226","display_name":"Yuzhu Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhu Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101771979","display_name":"Changqing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-4750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086116798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.0593,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84719116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"640","last_page":"640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impervious-surface","display_name":"Impervious surface","score":0.9644773602485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"Urban expansion","score":0.6865030527114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6483573913574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6118522882461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5165499448776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.502312183380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4580061435699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4212607145309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4164872169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.3523125648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3347168564796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2669960856437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07421174645423889}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.9644773602485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984674859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban expansion","level":3,"score":0.6865030527114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6483573913574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6118522882461548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5165499448776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.502312183380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4580061435699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4212607145309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4164872169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.3523125648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3347168564796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2669960856437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07421174645423889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11060640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060640","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/640/pdf?version=1552668633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a475e5a686e346168dd927ec342653c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a475e5a686e346168dd927ec342653c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 640 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/6/640/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11060640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 6; Pages: 640","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11060640","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060640","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/640/pdf?version=1552668633","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1518092305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 41571378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2403864294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41571378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4027282419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2017YFB0504205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042011531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0504205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4247022767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 41571378)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G466649759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017Y","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6258415954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Chinese","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6986074067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Cloud","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8340078520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8823009050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G913892773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB0504205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922230163.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922230163.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639537632","https://openalex.org/W1968440136","https://openalex.org/W1979532661","https://openalex.org/W1983726893","https://openalex.org/W1998760159","https://openalex.org/W2000285770","https://openalex.org/W2014970225","https://openalex.org/W2031600437","https://openalex.org/W2032109089","https://openalex.org/W2042108537","https://openalex.org/W2044609898","https://openalex.org/W2060663574","https://openalex.org/W2067985435","https://openalex.org/W2075046504","https://openalex.org/W2079921704","https://openalex.org/W2087416423","https://openalex.org/W2092075602","https://openalex.org/W2100335098","https://openalex.org/W2102201884","https://openalex.org/W2102675444","https://openalex.org/W2121401610","https://openalex.org/W2121601221","https://openalex.org/W2122119815","https://openalex.org/W2131170350","https://openalex.org/W2140023211","https://openalex.org/W2140908571","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2159789954","https://openalex.org/W2164943663","https://openalex.org/W2165577558","https://openalex.org/W2278156829","https://openalex.org/W2344228293","https://openalex.org/W2346766736","https://openalex.org/W2348774938","https://openalex.org/W2403993502","https://openalex.org/W2589393817","https://openalex.org/W2735042947","https://openalex.org/W2736796723","https://openalex.org/W2754274618","https://openalex.org/W2762827775","https://openalex.org/W2789253630","https://openalex.org/W2790348123","https://openalex.org/W2793940946","https://openalex.org/W2799620231","https://openalex.org/W2805595676","https://openalex.org/W2888529949","https://openalex.org/W2890460781","https://openalex.org/W2895942690","https://openalex.org/W4214624076","https://openalex.org/W6750770232"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206414959","https://openalex.org/W2004666797","https://openalex.org/W4383346259","https://openalex.org/W2186356874","https://openalex.org/W4205603439","https://openalex.org/W4206285282","https://openalex.org/W2123997922","https://openalex.org/W2922230163","https://openalex.org/W4255354662","https://openalex.org/W2987839813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"urbanization":[1],"has":[2],"profound":[3],"effects":[4],"on":[5,58],"global":[6],"environmental":[7,25],"changes,":[8],"quick":[9],"and":[10,43,74,94,104,127,153,174],"accurate":[11],"monitoring":[12,55],"of":[13,21,31,118,149,172,178,200],"the":[14,78,88,98,109,113,135,147,154,197],"dynamic":[15],"changes":[16],"in":[17,192],"impervious":[18,47,67,119,150,201],"surfaces":[19],"is":[20],"great":[22],"significance":[23],"for":[24],"protection.":[26],"The":[27,165],"increased":[28],"spatiotemporal":[29,162,198],"resolution":[30],"imagery":[32],"makes":[33],"it":[34],"possible":[35],"to":[36,40,65,77,85,96,145,159,195],"construct":[37],"time":[38,59,72,90,114,156,183],"series":[39,60,73,91,115,184],"obtain":[41,160],"long-time-period":[42],"high-accuracy":[44],"information":[45],"about":[46],"surface":[48,68,120,151],"expansion.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51,193],"study,":[52],"a":[53,139,161,175],"three-step":[54],"method":[56,142,167],"based":[57],"trajectory":[61,116,136],"segmentation":[62],"was":[63,75,92,143,157],"developed":[64],"extract":[66],"expansion":[69,121,155,199],"using":[70,124],"Landsat":[71,182],"applied":[76],"Xinbei":[79],"District,":[80],"Changzhou,":[81],"China,":[82],"from":[83],"2005":[84],"2017.":[86],"Firstly,":[87],"original":[89],"segmented":[93],"fitted":[95],"remove":[97],"noise":[99],"caused":[100],"by":[101,133],"clouds,":[102],"shadows,":[103],"interannual":[105],"differences,":[106],"leaving":[107],"only":[108],"trend":[110],"information.":[111],"Secondly,":[112],"features":[117],"were":[122],"described":[123],"three":[125],"phases":[126],"four":[128],"types":[129],"with":[130],"nine":[131],"parameters":[132],"analyzing":[134],"characteristics.":[137],"Thirdly,":[138],"multi-level":[140],"classification":[141],"used":[144,190],"determine":[146],"scope":[148],"expansion,":[152],"superimposed":[158],"distribution":[163],"map.":[164],"proposed":[166],"yielded":[168],"an":[169],"overall":[170],"accuracy":[171],"90.58%":[173],"Kappa":[176],"coefficient":[177],"0.90,":[179],"demonstrating":[180],"that":[181],"remote":[185],"sensing":[186],"images":[187],"could":[188],"be":[189],"effectively":[191],"approach":[194],"monitor":[196],"surfaces.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2019-03-22T00:00:00"}