{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921642675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050546","title":"Homogeneity Distance Classification Algorithm (HDCA): A Novel Algorithm for Satellite Image Classification","display_name":"Homogeneity Distance Classification Algorithm (HDCA): A Novel Algorithm for Satellite Image Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921642675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050546","mag":"2921642675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050546","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/546/pdf?version=1551873365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/546/pdf?version=1551873365","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005491253","display_name":"Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-9162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417853933, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417853933, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058432772","display_name":"Iman Daryaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-2621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183263030","display_name":"Graduate University of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0451xdy64","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183263030"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Daryaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Surveying Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7616914111, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Surveying Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7616914111, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183263030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091262592","display_name":"Amir Sedighi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Sedighi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417853933, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417853933, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004755532","display_name":"Qihao Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2498-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86420138","display_name":"Indiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f8man71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86420138"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qihao Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Urban and Environmental Chang, Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA","College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Urban and Environmental Chang, Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86420138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081309221","display_name":"Seyed Kazem Alavipanah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-111X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Kazem Alavipanah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417853933, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417853933, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004755532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505","https://openalex.org/I86420138"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84019161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"546","last_page":"546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6582096219062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6305431723594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6159802079200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6060802340507507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5692685842514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5627202987670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.5492392778396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.47989022731781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.43514588475227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3534700274467468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6582096219062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6305431723594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6159802079200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6060802340507507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5692685842514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5627202987670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.5492392778396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.47989022731781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.43514588475227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3534700274467468}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050546","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/546/pdf?version=1551873365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da106943832547dcb52074a6a5040977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da106943832547dcb52074a6a5040977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 546 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/5/546/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 5; Pages: 546","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050546","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/546/pdf?version=1551873365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322667","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324640","display_name":"Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman","ror":"https://ror.org/04zn42r77"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921642675.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921642675.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W816923338","https://openalex.org/W1182764516","https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1588948804","https://openalex.org/W1843514792","https://openalex.org/W1920164981","https://openalex.org/W1950365613","https://openalex.org/W1972207123","https://openalex.org/W1978695274","https://openalex.org/W2003905570","https://openalex.org/W2008997808","https://openalex.org/W2028606543","https://openalex.org/W2028712180","https://openalex.org/W2029019271","https://openalex.org/W2037984448","https://openalex.org/W2038981202","https://openalex.org/W2041227601","https://openalex.org/W2042481721","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2050802111","https://openalex.org/W2064610124","https://openalex.org/W2072955302","https://openalex.org/W2075046504","https://openalex.org/W2082495307","https://openalex.org/W2084668217","https://openalex.org/W2088470289","https://openalex.org/W2103868202","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2106777458","https://openalex.org/W2108917905","https://openalex.org/W2109094355","https://openalex.org/W2164330327","https://openalex.org/W2167397429","https://openalex.org/W2169500530","https://openalex.org/W2314785379","https://openalex.org/W2466360470","https://openalex.org/W2497501519","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2547846938","https://openalex.org/W2548791488","https://openalex.org/W2558391528","https://openalex.org/W2587820918","https://openalex.org/W2590009741","https://openalex.org/W2758496305","https://openalex.org/W2759880437","https://openalex.org/W2767198899","https://openalex.org/W2776146695","https://openalex.org/W2788316935","https://openalex.org/W2792059834","https://openalex.org/W2795463093","https://openalex.org/W2809308495","https://openalex.org/W2893115510","https://openalex.org/W2901909541","https://openalex.org/W2918022889","https://openalex.org/W2963755276","https://openalex.org/W3106141888","https://openalex.org/W4232938958","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4245434618","https://openalex.org/W4248055113","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6720047773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2022304901","https://openalex.org/W2018850895","https://openalex.org/W1987483041","https://openalex.org/W2988577871","https://openalex.org/W4391030644","https://openalex.org/W4205174160","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W1997235926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"classification":[1,23,35,113,165,220,232],"is":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,9,70,100,126],"the":[5,72,98,105,127,146,183,189,197,216,219,223],"most":[6],"common":[7],"methods":[8],"information":[10,45],"extraction":[11],"from":[12],"satellite":[13,102],"images.":[14],"In":[15,97],"this":[16,213],"paper,":[17],"a":[18,67],"novel":[19],"algorithm":[20,36,82,199,214],"for":[21,46,86,134,153,230],"image":[22,103,231],"based":[24,233],"on":[25,234],"gravity":[26],"theory":[27],"was":[28,31,64,84,108,150],"developed,":[29],"which":[30],"called":[32],"\u201chomogeneity":[33],"distance":[34,75],"(HDCA)\u201d.":[37],"The":[38,62,124,164],"proposed":[39,106,147,198],"HDCA":[40,63,148],"used":[41,152],"texture":[42,237],"and":[43,59,89,119,137,142,161,173,186,204,222,236],"spectral":[44,235],"classifying":[47,154],"images":[48,208],"in":[49,95,177,182,188,218],"two":[50,111],"iterative":[51],"supplementary":[52],"computing":[53],"stages:":[54],"(1)":[55],"merging,":[56],"(2)":[57],"traveling":[58],"escaping":[60],"operators.":[61],"equipped":[65],"by":[66,175],"new":[68],"concept":[69],"distance,":[71],"weighted":[73],"Manhattan":[74],"(WMD).":[76],"Moreover,":[77],"an":[78],"improved":[79],"gravitational":[80],"search":[81],"(IGSA)":[83],"applied":[85],"selecting":[87],"features":[88,229],"determining":[90],"optimal":[91,228],"feature":[92],"space":[93],"scale":[94],"HDCA.":[96],"case":[99],"multispectral":[101,203],"classification,":[104],"method":[107,149],"compared":[109],"with":[110,209],"well-known":[112],"methods,":[114],"Maximum":[115],"Likelihood":[116],"classifier":[117],"(MLC)":[118],"Support":[120],"Vector":[121],"Machine":[122],"(SVM).":[123],"results":[125,166,194],"comparison":[128],"indicated":[129,167],"that":[130,196],"overall":[131],"accuracy":[132,211],"values":[133],"HDCA,":[135],"MLC,":[136],"SVM":[138],"are":[139],"95.99,":[140],"93.15,":[141],"95.00,":[143],"respectively.":[144],"Furthermore,":[145],"also":[151],"hyperspectral":[155,205],"reference":[156],"datasets":[157],"(Indian":[158],"Pines,":[159],"Salinas":[160,184],"Salinas-A":[162,190],"scene).":[163],"substantial":[168],"improvement":[169],"over":[170],"previous":[171],"algorithms":[172],"studies":[174],"2%":[176],"Indian":[178],"Pines":[179],"dataset,":[180],"0.7%":[181],"dataset":[185],"1.2%":[187],"scene.":[191],"These":[192],"experimental":[193],"demonstrate":[195],"can":[200],"classify":[201],"both":[202],"remote":[206],"sensing":[207],"reliable":[210],"because":[212],"uses":[215],"WMD":[217],"process":[221],"IGSA":[224],"to":[225],"select":[226],"automatically":[227],"information.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}