{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2915540904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050481","title":"A Comparison of Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for the Retrieval of Wheat Biophysical Variables from Sentinel-2","display_name":"A Comparison of Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for the Retrieval of Wheat Biophysical Variables from Sentinel-2","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2915540904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050481","mag":"2915540904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050481","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/481/pdf?version=1551178075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/481/pdf?version=1551178075","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051178683","display_name":"Deepak Upreti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Upreti","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAFNE, Universit\u00e0 della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAFNE, Universit\u00e0 della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109619264","display_name":"Wenjiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3343-7034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102818489","display_name":"Weiping Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151155","display_name":"Academy of Opto-Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/04acsr153","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210151155"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiping Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151155","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067377025","display_name":"Simone Pascucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8311-8615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115556","display_name":"National Research Council - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/024ye7w89","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115556","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Pascucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR, IMAA), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR, IMAA), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011054993","display_name":"Stefano Pignatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-8926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115556","display_name":"National Research Council - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/024ye7w89","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115556","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Pignatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR, IMAA), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR, IMAA), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069930488","display_name":"Xianfeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-0848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianfeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780503","display_name":"Huichun Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-497X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huichun Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028303505","display_name":"Raffaele Casa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3091-7680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele Casa","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAFNE, Universit\u00e0 della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAFNE, Universit\u00e0 della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028303505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":13.8638,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99238473,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"481","last_page":"481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6576097011566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6371121406555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthetically-active-radiation","display_name":"Photosynthetically active radiation","score":0.5511831045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","score":0.5004489421844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.4617569148540497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4542950689792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.43308189511299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4300241470336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.420392781496048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-radiative-transfer-codes","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","score":0.41916748881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38493812084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3813498318195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.31271570920944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.3067985773086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24897098541259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1296517550945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.08859893679618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.07588052749633789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6576097011566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6371121406555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131366478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900892","display_name":"Photosynthetically active radiation","level":3,"score":0.5511831045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.5004489421844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.4617569148540497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4542950689792633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.43308189511299133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4300241470336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.420392781496048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.41916748881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38493812084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3813498318195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.31271570920944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.3067985773086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24897098541259766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1296517550945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.08859893679618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.07588052749633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050481","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/481/pdf?version=1551178075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d29152a67dc94c6aafaca1d56423ad5b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d29152a67dc94c6aafaca1d56423ad5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 481 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/5/481/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 5; Pages: 481","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3876146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3876146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11050481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050481","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/5/481/pdf?version=1551178075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3727818467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Law 232/216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G493547775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"232/216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323910","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3gbx83"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2915540904.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2915540904.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59495185","https://openalex.org/W61452412","https://openalex.org/W221493477","https://openalex.org/W633320881","https://openalex.org/W1502922572","https://openalex.org/W1772504446","https://openalex.org/W1968235624","https://openalex.org/W1978160572","https://openalex.org/W1986812364","https://openalex.org/W1987607942","https://openalex.org/W1988515463","https://openalex.org/W2007342648","https://openalex.org/W2012686349","https://openalex.org/W2014955600","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2025199302","https://openalex.org/W2030078894","https://openalex.org/W2051061159","https://openalex.org/W2051128904","https://openalex.org/W2052256290","https://openalex.org/W2058312673","https://openalex.org/W2065772955","https://openalex.org/W2069883641","https://openalex.org/W2073842304","https://openalex.org/W2074464158","https://openalex.org/W2076532457","https://openalex.org/W2081887174","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2097092607","https://openalex.org/W2101478587","https://openalex.org/W2114753915","https://openalex.org/W2121025745","https://openalex.org/W2127406961","https://openalex.org/W2130670721","https://openalex.org/W2130995459","https://openalex.org/W2144212877","https://openalex.org/W2145855966","https://openalex.org/W2146514102","https://openalex.org/W2152164823","https://openalex.org/W2155482699","https://openalex.org/W2156468842","https://openalex.org/W2158863190","https://openalex.org/W2166312616","https://openalex.org/W2166684966","https://openalex.org/W2170259338","https://openalex.org/W2317582304","https://openalex.org/W2404939661","https://openalex.org/W2461497717","https://openalex.org/W2517171266","https://openalex.org/W2531213996","https://openalex.org/W2609044008","https://openalex.org/W2621112468","https://openalex.org/W2806394060","https://openalex.org/W2883006890","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W6683852811","https://openalex.org/W6726398038","https://openalex.org/W6756615331","https://openalex.org/W6847019388","https://openalex.org/W6960082492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377212262","https://openalex.org/W4327748155","https://openalex.org/W2768064775","https://openalex.org/W4311187523","https://openalex.org/W2504273662","https://openalex.org/W2955967599","https://openalex.org/W2549050738","https://openalex.org/W4311134476","https://openalex.org/W3145861538","https://openalex.org/W4387208895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,128,152],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,90],"the":[4,56,79,135,142,145,150,163,175,180,183,187,194,216,242,265,289,297,303,310,330,337,344],"comparison":[5],"of":[6,9,11,25,32,144,158,179,182,220,222,229,238,340],"hybrid":[7],"methods":[8],"estimation":[10],"biophysical":[12,184],"variables":[13,185,294],"such":[14],"as":[15,309],"leaf":[16,20],"area":[17],"index":[18],"(LAI),":[19],"chlorophyll":[21,38],"content":[22,39],"(LCC),":[23],"fraction":[24,31],"absorbed":[26],"photosynthetically":[27],"active":[28,107],"radiation":[29],"(FAPAR),":[30],"vegetation":[33],"cover":[34],"(FVC),":[35],"and":[36,62,134,174,177,210,233,260],"canopy":[37],"(CCC)":[40],"from":[41,126],"Sentinel-2":[42,66],"satellite":[43],"data.":[44],"Different":[45],"machine":[46],"learning":[47,108],"algorithms":[48,70,95,146],"were":[49,71,199,252],"trained":[50,102],"with":[51,103,215,245,264],"simulated":[52],"spectra":[53],"generated":[54],"by":[55],"physically-based":[57],"radiative":[58],"transfer":[59],"model":[60],"PROSAIL":[61],"subsequently":[63],"applied":[64],"to":[65,113,115,168],"reflectance":[67],"spectra.":[68],"The":[69,247],"assessed":[72],"against":[73],"a":[74,97,155,234],"standard":[75],"operational":[76],"approach,":[77],"i.e.,":[78],"European":[80],"Space":[81],"Agency":[82],"(ESA)":[83],"Sentinel":[84],"Application":[85],"Platform":[86],"(SNAP)":[87],"toolbox,":[88],"based":[89],"neural":[91],"networks.":[92],"Since":[93],"kernel-based":[94],"have":[96],"heavy":[98],"computational":[99],"cost":[100],"when":[101],"large":[104],"datasets,":[105],"an":[106],"(AL)":[109],"strategy":[110,332],"was":[111,120,147,160,288,327,333],"explored":[112],"try":[114],"alleviate":[116],"this":[117],"issue.":[118],"Validation":[119],"carried":[121],"out":[122],"using":[123,204,254,271],"ground":[124,171,189,196,304],"data":[125],"two":[127,151,164,188],"sites:":[129],"one":[130],"in":[131,137,186,241,269,296,302,315],"Shunyi":[132],"(China)":[133],"other":[136],"Maccarese":[138,243,270,316],"(Italy).":[139],"In":[140],"general,":[141],"performance":[143],"consistent":[148],"for":[149,201,250,292,313,342],"sites,":[153,165],"though":[154],"different":[156,170],"level":[157],"accuracy":[159],"found":[161,328],"between":[162],"possibly":[166],"due":[167],"slightly":[169],"sampling":[172],"protocols":[173],"range":[176],"variability":[178],"values":[181,219],"datasets.":[190],"For":[191],"LAI":[192],"estimation,":[193],"best":[195,217,248,266,290,311],"validation":[197],"results":[198,249],"obtained":[200,240,253,268],"both":[202],"sites":[203],"least":[205,212],"squares":[206,213],"linear":[207],"regression":[208],"(LSLR)":[209],"partial":[211],"regression,":[214],"performances":[218,267],"R2":[221],"0.78,":[223],"rott":[224],"mean":[225],"squared":[226],"error":[227],"(RMSE)":[228],"0.68":[230],"m2":[231],"m\u22122":[232],"relative":[235],"RMSE":[236,276,320],"(RRMSE)":[237],"19.48%":[239],"site":[244],"LSLR.":[246],"LCC":[251],"Random":[255],"Forest":[256],"Tree":[257],"Bagger":[258],"(RFTB)":[259],"Bagging":[261],"Trees":[262],"(BagT)":[263],"RFTB":[272],"(R2":[273,317],"=":[274,277,282,318,321,324],"0.26,":[275],"8.88":[278],"\u03bcg":[279],"cm\u22122,":[280],"RRMSE":[281,323],"17.43%).":[283],"Gaussian":[284],"Process":[285],"Regression":[286],"(GPR)":[287],"algorithm":[291],"all":[293],"only":[295,312],"cross-validation":[298],"phase,":[299],"but":[300],"not":[301],"validation,":[305],"where":[306],"it":[307],"ranked":[308],"FVC":[314],"0.90,":[319],"0.08,":[322],"9.86%).":[325],"It":[326],"that":[329],"AL":[331],"more":[334],"efficient":[335],"than":[336],"random":[338],"selection":[339],"samples":[341],"training":[343],"GPR":[345],"algorithm.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}