{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916404042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040465","title":"Detection and Validation of Tropical Peatland Flaming and Smouldering Using Landsat-8 SWIR and TIRS Bands","display_name":"Detection and Validation of Tropical Peatland Flaming and Smouldering Using Landsat-8 SWIR and TIRS Bands","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916404042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040465","mag":"2916404042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11040465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040465","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/465/pdf?version=1557149889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/465/pdf?version=1557149889","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048456255","display_name":"Parwati Sofan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-7664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11865174","display_name":"Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space","ror":"https://ror.org/027p4qx72","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11865174"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU","ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Parwati Sofan","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhD Candidate, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia","Remote Sensing Application Center of Indonesian Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Jakarta 13710, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD Candidate, University of South Australia (UniSA), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Application Center of Indonesian Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Jakarta 13710, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11865174"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085834744","display_name":"David Bruce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-0901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Bruce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007072121","display_name":"Eriita Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-1982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eriita Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Learning Systems Laboratory, School of IT and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Learning Systems Laboratory, School of IT and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003353777","display_name":"Jackie Marsden","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackie Marsden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imagery, Landgate, Midland, WA 6056, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imagery, Landgate, Midland, WA 6056, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048456255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11865174","https://openalex.org/I170239107"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.1713,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86889237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"465","last_page":"465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7715802192687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7626523375511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortwave","display_name":"Shortwave","score":0.4987332820892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.42730921506881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.42114514112472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3308887481689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1709544062614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.13644111156463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13601970672607422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7715802192687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7626523375511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776272892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7502249","display_name":"Shortwave","level":3,"score":0.4987332820892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.42730921506881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.42114514112472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3308887481689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1709544062614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.13644111156463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13601970672607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11040465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040465","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/465/pdf?version=1557149889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:13a4d001022749e5bb3bd3255b87a8ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/13a4d001022749e5bb3bd3255b87a8ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 465 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/4/465/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11040465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 4; Pages: 465","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:urm_publish:9916263202101831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11541.2/136146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402528","display_name":"UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","host_organization_name":"University of South Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11040465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040465","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/4/465/pdf?version=1557149889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916404042.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916404042.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W390388763","https://openalex.org/W1179897544","https://openalex.org/W1845853544","https://openalex.org/W1987536550","https://openalex.org/W1996171050","https://openalex.org/W2000133605","https://openalex.org/W2000282252","https://openalex.org/W2015749745","https://openalex.org/W2023044260","https://openalex.org/W2023862777","https://openalex.org/W2024339093","https://openalex.org/W2040656910","https://openalex.org/W2045084504","https://openalex.org/W2070666322","https://openalex.org/W2073922485","https://openalex.org/W2077270238","https://openalex.org/W2079612193","https://openalex.org/W2090784909","https://openalex.org/W2094500039","https://openalex.org/W2100209491","https://openalex.org/W2109947221","https://openalex.org/W2123638813","https://openalex.org/W2127644734","https://openalex.org/W2131586477","https://openalex.org/W2147122747","https://openalex.org/W2151036870","https://openalex.org/W2152523941","https://openalex.org/W2156049446","https://openalex.org/W2167144335","https://openalex.org/W2168081544","https://openalex.org/W2200518663","https://openalex.org/W2261365083","https://openalex.org/W2278105594","https://openalex.org/W2295931476","https://openalex.org/W2474350359","https://openalex.org/W2476290894","https://openalex.org/W2495555080","https://openalex.org/W2507247036","https://openalex.org/W2509847533","https://openalex.org/W2523482151","https://openalex.org/W2570850261","https://openalex.org/W2765974277","https://openalex.org/W2785635465","https://openalex.org/W2901869768","https://openalex.org/W2963689397","https://openalex.org/W3003163893","https://openalex.org/W4244188914","https://openalex.org/W4292822122","https://openalex.org/W6675078413","https://openalex.org/W6721072783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2349538307","https://openalex.org/W2382483190","https://openalex.org/W4292630545","https://openalex.org/W2378696196","https://openalex.org/W2350182181","https://openalex.org/W2013329914","https://openalex.org/W2392383081","https://openalex.org/W1618102658","https://openalex.org/W4205376403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Tropical":[1],"Peatland":[2],"Combustion":[3,53],"Algorithm":[4],"(ToPeCAl)":[5],"was":[6,91,126,213,253],"first":[7],"established":[8],"from":[9,31,145,263],"Landsat-8":[10,84,119,245],"images":[11,98],"acquired":[12],"in":[13,22,65,105,109,134,169,231],"2015,":[14],"which":[15],"were":[16,174],"used":[17],"to":[18,37,128,184,198,225,238,243,255,273,281,306],"detect":[19],"peatland":[20,287],"combustion":[21,30],"flaming":[23],"and":[24,41,59,78,96,100,149,152,179,204,228],"smouldering":[25,29,148],"stages.":[26],"Detection":[27],"of":[28,49,61,73,81,89,124,147,158,219,222,235,251,277,286,303],"space":[32],"remains":[33],"a":[34,135,216,232,257,274],"challenge":[35],"due":[36],"its":[38],"low":[39],"temperature":[40,72],"generally":[42],"small":[43,136],"spatial":[44],"extent.":[45],"The":[46,87,121,248],"ToPeCAl":[47,90,125,246,261,278,304],"consists":[48],"the":[50,83,110,115,194,202,244,283,294,301],"Shortwave":[51,66],"Infrared":[52,67,75],"Index":[54],"based":[55],"on":[56,114,164],"reflectance":[57,64,80],"(SICI\u03c1),":[58],"Top":[60],"Atmosphere":[62],"(TOA)":[63],"band-7":[68],"(SWIR-2),":[69],"TOA":[70,79],"brightness":[71],"Thermal":[74],"band-10":[76],"(TIR-1),":[77],"band-1,":[82],"aerosol":[85],"band.":[86],"implementation":[88],"then":[92],"validated":[93],"using":[94,186,291],"terrestrial":[95],"aerial":[97],"(helicopter":[99],"drone)":[101],"collected":[102],"during":[103],"fieldwork":[104],"Central":[106],"Kalimantan,":[107],"Indonesia":[108],"2018":[111],"fire":[112,210,220,288],"season,":[113],"same":[116],"day":[117,203],"as":[118],"overpasses.":[120],"overall":[122,195],"accuracy":[123,197],"found":[127,254],"be":[129],"82%":[130],"with":[131,260,279,300],"omission":[132],"errors":[133,154,173],"area":[137,157],"(less":[138],"than":[139,266],"30":[140,143,159,162],"m":[141,160,237,240],"\u00d7":[142],"m)":[144,163,208],"mixtures":[146],"vegetation":[150],"pixels,":[151],"commission":[153],"(with":[155],"minimum":[156],"x":[161],"high":[165],"reflective":[166],"building":[167],"rooftops":[168],"urban":[170,181],"areas.":[171],"These":[172],"further":[175],"reduced":[176],"by":[177],"masking":[178],"removing":[180],"areas":[182],"prior":[183],"analysis":[185],"landuse":[187],"Geographic":[188],"Information":[189],"System":[190],"(GIS)":[191],"data;":[192],"improving":[193],"mapping":[196],"93%.":[199],"For":[200],"comparison,":[201],"night-time":[205,249],"VIIRS":[206],"(375":[207],"active":[209],"product":[211,296],"(VNP14IMG)":[212],"utilised,":[214],"obtaining":[215],"lower":[217],"probability":[218],"detection":[221],"71%":[223],"compared":[224,242,299],"ground":[226],"truth,":[227],"57\u201372%":[229],"agreement":[230],"buffer":[233],"distance":[234],"375":[236],"1500":[239],"when":[241,290],"results.":[247],"data":[250],"VNP14IMG":[252,280,295],"have":[256],"better":[258],"correspondence":[259],"results":[262,302],"Landsat":[264],"8":[265],"day-time":[267],"data.":[268],"This":[269],"finding":[270],"could":[271],"lead":[272],"potential":[275],"merger":[276],"fill":[282],"temporal":[284],"gaps":[285],"information":[289],"Landsat.":[292],"However,":[293],"exhibited":[297],"overestimation":[298],"applied":[305],"Landsat-8.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2019-03-02T00:00:00"}