{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914172167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030309","title":"Sampling Strategies for Soil Property Mapping Using Multispectral Sentinel-2 and Hyperspectral EnMAP Satellite Data","display_name":"Sampling Strategies for Soil Property Mapping Using Multispectral Sentinel-2 and Hyperspectral EnMAP Satellite Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914172167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030309","mag":"2914172167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030309","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/309/pdf?version=1549273023","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/309/pdf?version=1549273023","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078006662","display_name":"Fabio Castaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-1765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Castaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georges Lema\u00eetre Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georges Lema\u00eetre Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071624635","display_name":"Sabine Chabrillat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-5168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Chabrillat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam\u2014DeutschesGeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-5168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam\u2014DeutschesGeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074473373","display_name":"Bas van Wesemael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-0241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bas van Wesemael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georges Lema\u00eetre Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-0241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georges Lema\u00eetre Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Universite Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071624635","https://openalex.org/A5078006662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878","https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.1527,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8548603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"309","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7707776427268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6921591758728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6265270709991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5900548100471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5222383737564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.45883363485336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20977255702018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10953119397163391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.08197149634361267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7707776427268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6921591758728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6265270709991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5900548100471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5222383737564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.45883363485336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20977255702018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10953119397163391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.08197149634361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030309","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/309/pdf?version=1549273023","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:227202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/227202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401974","display_name":"DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, no.3, p. 309 (2019)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f00f8581bf5d465ca5a8c3e31dae50bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f00f8581bf5d465ca5a8c3e31dae50bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 309 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de:item_4147914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_4147914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401313","display_name":"Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","host_organization_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/3/309/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 3; Pages: 309","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030309","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/309/pdf?version=1549273023","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3857745825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SR/10/327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321454","funder_display_name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309729","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321454","display_name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01fapfv42"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914172167.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914172167.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1772504446","https://openalex.org/W1776244730","https://openalex.org/W1894940466","https://openalex.org/W1983648847","https://openalex.org/W1990031785","https://openalex.org/W1990255627","https://openalex.org/W2013665199","https://openalex.org/W2017010640","https://openalex.org/W2017422910","https://openalex.org/W2023312901","https://openalex.org/W2045096959","https://openalex.org/W2050179592","https://openalex.org/W2050601278","https://openalex.org/W2051061159","https://openalex.org/W2054681322","https://openalex.org/W2062599367","https://openalex.org/W2064345732","https://openalex.org/W2069198983","https://openalex.org/W2084829975","https://openalex.org/W2086373815","https://openalex.org/W2116569388","https://openalex.org/W2172601898","https://openalex.org/W2343208374","https://openalex.org/W2484762992","https://openalex.org/W2503041237","https://openalex.org/W2793604277","https://openalex.org/W2793752176","https://openalex.org/W2801397115","https://openalex.org/W2810530730","https://openalex.org/W2905192710","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4388284198","https://openalex.org/W6654740771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022304901","https://openalex.org/W2018850895","https://openalex.org/W2988577871","https://openalex.org/W1987483041","https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W2013329914","https://openalex.org/W2392383081","https://openalex.org/W1618102658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Designing":[0],"a":[1,36,69,246,274],"sampling":[2,16,37,63,91,161,210,316],"strategy":[3,38],"for":[4,72,193,250,312],"soil":[5],"property":[6],"mapping":[7],"from":[8],"remote":[9],"sensing":[10],"imagery":[11],"entails":[12],"making":[13],"decisions":[14],"about":[15],"pattern":[17],"and":[18,55,109,133,149,155,203,218,230,238,269,292],"number":[19,24,126,144,219],"of":[20,25,52,76,86,106,110,127,145,175,220],"samples.":[21],"A":[22],"consistent":[23],"ancillary":[26,100],"data":[27,59,101,114,240,287],"strongly":[28],"related":[29],"to":[30,60,67,165,244,297,303,314],"the":[31,42,50,62,77,84,95,99,103,107,125,142,156,160,173,176,194,214,255,264,279,315],"target":[32],"variable":[33],"allows":[34],"applying":[35],"that":[39],"optimally":[40],"covers":[41],"feature":[43,96],"space.":[44],"This":[45,299],"study":[46],"aims":[47],"at":[48,159,318],"evaluating":[49],"capability":[51],"multispectral":[53],"(Sentinel-2)":[54],"hyperspectral":[56],"(EnMAP)":[57],"satellite":[58,113],"select":[61],"locations":[64,162],"in":[65,83,116,129],"order":[66],"collect":[68],"calibration":[70,248,282],"dataset":[71,249],"multivariate":[73],"statistical":[74],"modelling":[75],"Soil":[78],"Organic":[79],"Carbon":[80],"(SOC)":[81],"content":[82,154],"topsoil":[85],"croplands.":[87],"We":[88,171],"tested":[89],"different":[90,256],"strategies":[92],"based":[93],"on":[94,180],"space,":[97],"where":[98,138],"are":[102],"spectral":[104],"bands":[105],"Sentinel-2":[108,186,234,237,272],"simulated":[111],"EnMAP":[112,229,239,286,304],"acquired":[115],"Demmin":[117],"(north-east":[118],"Germany).":[119],"Some":[120],"selection":[121,257],"algorithms":[122,258],"require":[123],"setting":[124],"samples":[128,146,221],"advance":[130],"(random,":[131],"Kennard-Stones":[132,204,270],"conditioned":[134],"Latin":[135],"Hypercube":[136],"algorithms)":[137],"others":[139],"automatically":[140],"provide":[141],"ideal":[143],"(Puchwein,":[147],"SELECT":[148],"Puchwein+SELECT":[150,231],"algorithm).":[151],"The":[152,184,207,281],"SOC":[153,251,290],"spectra":[157],"extracted":[158],"were":[163,224],"used":[164],"build":[166,245],"random":[167],"forest":[168],"(RF)":[169],"models.":[170],"evaluated":[172],"accuracy":[174,217,295],"RF":[177],"estimation":[178,277],"models":[179],"an":[181],"independent":[182],"dataset.":[183],"lowest":[185],"normalized":[187],"root":[188],"mean":[189],"square":[190],"error":[191],"(nRMSE)":[192],"validation":[195],"set":[196],"was":[197,300],"obtained":[198,225],"using":[199,226,267],"Puchwein":[200,227,268],"(nRMSE:":[201],"8.7%),":[202],"(9.2%)":[205],"algorithms.":[206],"most":[208],"efficient":[209],"strategies,":[211],"expressed":[212],"as":[213],"ratio":[215],"between":[216],"per":[222],"hectare,":[223],"with":[228,233],"algorithm":[232],"data.":[235],"Hence,":[236],"can":[241],"be":[242],"exploited":[243],"reliable":[247],"mapping.":[252],"For":[253],"EnMAP,":[254],"provided":[259,273,284,288],"very":[260],"similar":[261],"results.":[262],"On":[263],"other":[265],"hand,":[266],"algorithms,":[271],"more":[275],"accurate":[276],"than":[278],"EnMAP.":[280],"datasets":[283],"by":[285],"lower":[289,293],"variability":[291],"prediction":[294],"compared":[296],"Sentinel-2.":[298],"probably":[301],"due":[302],"coarser":[305],"spatial":[306],"resolution":[307],"(30":[308],"m)":[309],"less":[310],"adequate":[311],"linkage":[313],"performed":[317],"10":[319],"m":[320],"scale.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}