{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912716686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030291","title":"Interoperability of Direction-Finding and Beam-Forming High-Frequency Radar Systems: An Example from the Australian High-Frequency Ocean Radar Network","display_name":"Interoperability of Direction-Finding and Beam-Forming High-Frequency Radar Systems: An Example from the Australian High-Frequency Ocean Radar Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912716686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030291","mag":"2912716686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/291/pdf?version=1549018804","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/291/pdf?version=1549018804","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084555684","display_name":"Simone Cosoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-9538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801975132","display_name":"Ocean Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03574zr06","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801975132"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Cosoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Graduate School and the UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Graduate School and the UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801975132","https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030522618","display_name":"Stuart De Vos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-7486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801975132","display_name":"Ocean Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03574zr06","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801975132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart de Vos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Graduate School and the UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Graduate School and the UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801975132","https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084555684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2801975132"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.5483,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81444408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"291","last_page":"291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hfr-cell","display_name":"Hfr cell","score":0.6623982191085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6025936007499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mooring","display_name":"Mooring","score":0.46748679876327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.45273226499557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3737892210483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36386674642562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25784850120544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.1849527359008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11295321583747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08004871010780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07458984851837158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492907","display_name":"Hfr cell","level":4,"score":0.6623982191085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6025936007499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C994952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145637","display_name":"Mooring","level":2,"score":0.46748679876327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.45273226499557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3737892210483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36386674642562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25784850120544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.1849527359008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11295321583747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08004871010780334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07458984851837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/291/pdf?version=1549018804","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/4a8216f4-9236-4fa7-b854-bdc57b770bbe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/4a8216f4-9236-4fa7-b854-bdc57b770bbe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cosoli, S & de Vos, S 2019, 'Interoperability of direction-finding and beam-forming high-frequency radar systems : An example from the Australian high-frequency ocean radar network', Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 3, 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030291","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/4a8216f4-9236-4fa7-b854-bdc57b770bbe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/4a8216f4-9236-4fa7-b854-bdc57b770bbe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cosoli, S & de Vos, S 2019, 'Interoperability of direction-finding and beam-forming high-frequency radar systems : An example from the Australian high-frequency ocean radar network', Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 3, 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030291","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8d85d6b0bd0b42faa4184ee9586a0595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8d85d6b0bd0b42faa4184ee9586a0595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 291 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/3/291/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 3; Pages: 291","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030291","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/291/pdf?version=1549018804","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2912716686.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2912716686.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W786668964","https://openalex.org/W1566308386","https://openalex.org/W1981929146","https://openalex.org/W1986530935","https://openalex.org/W1987998205","https://openalex.org/W2006148632","https://openalex.org/W2012667694","https://openalex.org/W2017699000","https://openalex.org/W2018017980","https://openalex.org/W2027477173","https://openalex.org/W2029169888","https://openalex.org/W2030894488","https://openalex.org/W2037430122","https://openalex.org/W2065759604","https://openalex.org/W2066538472","https://openalex.org/W2076487636","https://openalex.org/W2082402945","https://openalex.org/W2086574676","https://openalex.org/W2090245115","https://openalex.org/W2095851881","https://openalex.org/W2101947426","https://openalex.org/W2103132550","https://openalex.org/W2104310782","https://openalex.org/W2106822551","https://openalex.org/W2107608682","https://openalex.org/W2108535270","https://openalex.org/W2110934264","https://openalex.org/W2111844810","https://openalex.org/W2112688502","https://openalex.org/W2113362030","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2128569631","https://openalex.org/W2132106125","https://openalex.org/W2165914149","https://openalex.org/W2172033446","https://openalex.org/W2179461994","https://openalex.org/W2180258618","https://openalex.org/W2183696386","https://openalex.org/W2284837248","https://openalex.org/W2292324131","https://openalex.org/W2317605107","https://openalex.org/W2525534649","https://openalex.org/W2563602976","https://openalex.org/W2578755739","https://openalex.org/W2607105659","https://openalex.org/W2607289485","https://openalex.org/W2760950897","https://openalex.org/W2764018608","https://openalex.org/W2805665651","https://openalex.org/W2889415058","https://openalex.org/W2890611367","https://openalex.org/W4252252399","https://openalex.org/W6622712727","https://openalex.org/W6654791167","https://openalex.org/W6655270146","https://openalex.org/W6677024349","https://openalex.org/W6695583827","https://openalex.org/W6700964374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050194483","https://openalex.org/W3159970517","https://openalex.org/W2513360215","https://openalex.org/W1962641975","https://openalex.org/W2032065809","https://openalex.org/W2010351083","https://openalex.org/W2431610312","https://openalex.org/W2162562077","https://openalex.org/W2047279422","https://openalex.org/W1995769480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Direction-finding":[0],"SeaSonde":[1,39,108,122,205,229],"(4.463":[2],"MHz;":[3,12],"5.2625":[4],"MHz)":[5,14],"and":[6,32,38,65,84,92,124,164,174,180,206,273,320],"phased-array":[7],"WEllen":[8],"RAdar":[9],"WERA":[10,37,130,133,207,235,270],"(9.33":[11],"13.5":[13],"High-frequency":[15],"radar":[16],"(HFR)":[17],"systems":[18],"are":[19,113,139,187,232,244],"routinely":[20],"operated":[21],"in":[22,41,114,200,210,245],"Australia":[23,43],"for":[24,69,90,107,121,129,170,183,240],"scientific":[25],"research,":[26],"operational":[27,322],"modeling,":[28],"coastal":[29],"monitoring,":[30],"fisheries,":[31],"other":[33],"applications.":[34],"Coverage":[35],"of":[36,204,296,315,329],"HFRs":[40],"Western":[42],"overlap.":[44],"Comparisons":[45],"with":[46,56,234],"subsurface":[47],"currents":[48,72,209],"show":[49,278,301],"that":[50,302],"both":[51],"HFR":[52,134,208,230,271,286,304,318],"types":[53,295],"agree":[54],"well":[55],"current":[57,135,312],"meter":[58],"records.":[59],"Correlation":[60],"(R),":[61],"root-mean-squares":[62],"differences":[63,291],"(RMSDs),":[64],"mean":[66],"bias":[67,85,102],"(bias)":[68],"hourly-averaged":[70],"radial":[71],"range":[73,116,247],"between":[74,292],"R":[75,93],"=":[76,80,86,94,98,103,118,126,141,145,150,156,160,166,189,193,214,218,249,253,257],"(\u22120.03,":[77],"0.78),":[78],"RMSD":[79,97],"(9.2,":[81],"30.3)":[82],"cm/s,":[83,101,148,163],"(\u22125.2,":[87],"5.2)":[88],"cm/s":[89,106,169],"WERAs;":[91],"(0.1,":[95],"0.76),":[96],"(17.4,":[99],"33.6)":[100],"(0.03,":[104],"0.36)":[105],"HFRs.":[109,131],"Pointing":[110],"errors":[111],"(\u03b8)":[112],"the":[115,171,175,184,224,246,264,285,289,293,316],"\u03b8":[117,125],"(1\u00b0,":[119],"21\u00b0)":[120],"HFRs,":[123],"(3\u00b0,":[127],"8\u00b0)":[128],"For":[132],"components,":[136],"comparison":[137,203],"metrics":[138,222],"RU":[140,248,279],"(\u22120.12,":[142],"0.86),":[143,158,191],"RMSDU":[144],"(12.3,":[146],"15.7)":[147],"biasU":[149],"(\u22125.1,":[151],"\u22120.5)":[152],"cm/s;":[153],"and,":[154],"RV":[155,252],"(0.61,":[157],"RMSDV":[159],"(15.4,":[161],"21.1)":[162],"biasV":[165],"(\u22120.5,":[167],"9.6)":[168],"zonal":[172],"(u)":[173],"meridional":[176],"(v)":[177],"components.":[178],"Magnitude":[179],"phase":[181],"angle":[182],"vector":[185],"correlation":[186],"\u03c1":[188,256],"(0.58,":[190],"\u03c6":[192,217],"(\u221210\u00b0,":[194],"28\u00b0).":[195],"Good":[196],"match":[197],"was":[198],"found":[199],"a":[201,326],"direct":[202],"their":[211],"overlap":[212],"(\u03c1":[213],"(0.19,":[215],"0.59),":[216],"(\u22124\u00b0,":[219],"+54\u00b0)).":[220],"Comparison":[221],"at":[223,325],"mooring":[225],"slightly":[226,330],"decrease":[227],"when":[228],"radials":[231,272],"combined":[233],"HFR:":[236],"scalar":[237],"(vector)":[238],"correlations":[239],"RU,":[241],"V,":[242],"(\u03c1)":[243],"(\u22120.20,":[250],"0.83),":[251],"(0.39,":[254],"0.79),":[255],"(0.47,":[258],"0.72).":[259],"When":[260],"directly":[261],"compared":[262],"over":[263],"same":[265],"grid,":[266],"however,":[267],"vectors":[268,274],"from":[269,275],"merged":[276],"SeaSonde\u2013WERA":[277],"(RV)":[280],"exceeding":[281],"0.9":[282],"(0.7)":[283],"within":[284],"grid.":[287],"Despite":[288],"intrinsic":[290],"two":[294],"radars":[297],"used":[298],"here,":[299],"findings":[300],"different":[303],"genres":[305],"can":[306],"be":[307],"successfully":[308],"merged,":[309],"thus":[310],"increasing":[311],"mapping":[313],"capability":[314],"existing":[317],"networks,":[319],"minimising":[321],"downtime,":[323],"however":[324],"likely":[327],"cost":[328],"decreased":[331],"data":[332],"quality.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}