{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913938526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030217","title":"End-to-End Simulation of WCOM IMI Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval","display_name":"End-to-End Simulation of WCOM IMI Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913938526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030217","mag":"2913938526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/217/pdf?version=1548155336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/217/pdf?version=1548155336","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726873","display_name":"Yan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091117829","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-0844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656813","display_name":"Aili Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3494-5534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aili Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100726873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.5588,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63603227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"217","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6661195755004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.6496322154998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6132442355155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.610887885093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity","display_name":"Salinity","score":0.5721471309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5394855737686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.43355539441108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.4314623177051544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.42696475982666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3803057372570038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.30095720291137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.29039785265922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.23593294620513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.17462033033370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15912765264511108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1048687994480133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6661195755004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6496322154998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6132442355155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.610887885093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.5721471309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5394855737686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.43355539441108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.4314623177051544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.42696475982666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3803057372570038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.30095720291137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.29039785265922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.23593294620513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.17462033033370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15912765264511108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1048687994480133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/217/pdf?version=1548155336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3210ce7573024dfda44f5bc935d0eb8e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3210ce7573024dfda44f5bc935d0eb8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 217 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/3/217/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 3; Pages: 217","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11030217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030217","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/3/217/pdf?version=1548155336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913938526.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913938526.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985613371","https://openalex.org/W2051103814","https://openalex.org/W2099374696","https://openalex.org/W2101322596","https://openalex.org/W2108092177","https://openalex.org/W2121620307","https://openalex.org/W2127104311","https://openalex.org/W2132549823","https://openalex.org/W2157349060","https://openalex.org/W2165827997","https://openalex.org/W2166570534","https://openalex.org/W2313211616","https://openalex.org/W2330422455","https://openalex.org/W2548713318","https://openalex.org/W2596675052","https://openalex.org/W4292997054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W1983957298","https://openalex.org/W2165236048","https://openalex.org/W2013323393","https://openalex.org/W3005605854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Water":[1],"Cycle":[2],"Observation":[3],"Mission":[4],"(WCOM)":[5],"is":[6,30,37,127],"an":[7,31,67,103],"Earth":[8],"science":[9],"mission":[10],"focused":[11],"on":[12,62,77],"the":[13,16,47],"observation":[14],"of":[15,55,70,98,106],"water":[17],"cycle":[18],"global":[19],"climate":[20],"change":[21],"intensity":[22],"through":[23],"three":[24],"different":[25],"payloads.":[26],"WCOM\u2019s":[27],"main":[28],"payload":[29],"interferometric":[32],"microwave":[33,43],"imager":[34],"(IMI).":[35],"IMI":[36],"a":[38,82,91],"tri-frequency,":[39],"one-dimensional":[40],"aperture":[41],"synthesis":[42],"radiometer":[44],"operating":[45],"at":[46],"L-,":[48],"S-,":[49],"and":[50,58,75,87,101],"C-bands":[51],"to":[52],"perform":[53],"measurements":[54],"soil":[56],"moisture":[57],"ocean":[59],"salinity.":[60],"Focusing":[61],"sea":[63],"surface":[64],"salinity":[65],"(SSS),":[66],"end-to-end":[68],"simulator":[69],"WCOM/IMI":[71],"has":[72],"been":[73],"realized":[74],"tested":[76],"climatological":[78],"data.":[79],"Results":[80],"indicate":[81],"general":[83],"agreement":[84],"between":[85],"original":[86],"retrieved":[88],"SSS,":[89],"with":[90,102,114],"single":[92],"measurement":[93,105],"root":[94],"mean":[95],"square":[96],"error":[97],"0.26":[99],"psu":[100,108],"orbital":[104],"0.17":[107],"in":[109,121,129],"open":[110,122],"sea.":[111],"In":[112],"accordance":[113],"previous":[115],"studies,":[116],"good":[117],"results":[118],"are":[119],"obtained":[120],"sea,":[123],"while":[124],"strong":[125],"contamination":[126],"observed":[128],"coastal":[130],"areas.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}