{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906106297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010031","title":"Penetration Analysis of SAR Signals in the C and L Bands for Wheat, Maize, and Grasslands","display_name":"Penetration Analysis of SAR Signals in the C and L Bands for Wheat, Maize, and Grasslands","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906106297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010031","mag":"2906106297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11010031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010031","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/1/31/pdf?version=1545815054","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/1/31/pdf?version=1545815054","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033284277","display_name":"Mohammad El Hajj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2860-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153996","display_name":"Territoires, Environnement, T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection et Information Spatiale","ror":"https://ror.org/0458hw939","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I131077856","https://openalex.org/I22248866","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4387153996"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad El Hajj","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRSTEA, TETIS, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRSTEA, TETIS, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153996","https://openalex.org/I19894307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005595654","display_name":"Nicolas Baghdadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9461-4120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153996","display_name":"Territoires, Environnement, T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection et Information Spatiale","ror":"https://ror.org/0458hw939","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I131077856","https://openalex.org/I22248866","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4387153996"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Baghdadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRSTEA, TETIS, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRSTEA, TETIS, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153996","https://openalex.org/I19894307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035101441","display_name":"Hassan Bazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-1832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153996","display_name":"Territoires, Environnement, T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection et Information Spatiale","ror":"https://ror.org/0458hw939","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I131077856","https://openalex.org/I22248866","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4387153996"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Bazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRSTEA, TETIS, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRSTEA, TETIS, University of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153996","https://openalex.org/I19894307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028242808","display_name":"Mehrez Zribi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-8222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100083","display_name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales de la Biosph\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/01225hq90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210100083","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1327553481","https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210113730","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4405257220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrez Zribi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CESBIO (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 31401 Toulouse, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESBIO (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 31401 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100083","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033284277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4387153996"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":1594,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1719},"fwci":8.7236,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98545543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.8673287630081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-band","display_name":"C band","score":0.6157604455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6076645255088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.5957968831062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5540720224380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland","display_name":"Grassland","score":0.5491747856140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.2856721878051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.2548929452896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21035003662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08476069569587708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.06538087129592896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.8673287630081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63944557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27786604","display_name":"C band","level":2,"score":0.6157604455947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6076645255088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5957968831062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5540720224380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.5491747856140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.2856721878051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.2548929452896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21035003662109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08476069569587708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06538087129592896}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11010031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010031","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/1/31/pdf?version=1545815054","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02608303v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02608303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 2019, 11 (1), pp.14. ⟨10.3390/rs11010031⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7bfcd412cb114c11b6b5406530393427","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7bfcd412cb114c11b6b5406530393427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 31 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/11/1/31/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11010031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 11; Issue 1; Pages: 31","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs11010031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010031","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/1/31/pdf?version=1545815054","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321519","display_name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1h0y33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324508","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01wep6g48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2906106297.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2906106297.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1813521754","https://openalex.org/W1969701520","https://openalex.org/W1974289021","https://openalex.org/W1985416147","https://openalex.org/W1988128726","https://openalex.org/W1991367406","https://openalex.org/W2001599060","https://openalex.org/W2006837177","https://openalex.org/W2008780751","https://openalex.org/W2012635789","https://openalex.org/W2014917534","https://openalex.org/W2016132119","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2053779343","https://openalex.org/W2058232479","https://openalex.org/W2060834220","https://openalex.org/W2072057865","https://openalex.org/W2091994321","https://openalex.org/W2101259152","https://openalex.org/W2115076670","https://openalex.org/W2120116528","https://openalex.org/W2124411746","https://openalex.org/W2125461173","https://openalex.org/W2126087248","https://openalex.org/W2129128600","https://openalex.org/W2130007185","https://openalex.org/W2134567583","https://openalex.org/W2136950954","https://openalex.org/W2138404742","https://openalex.org/W2140453243","https://openalex.org/W2141219203","https://openalex.org/W2142874014","https://openalex.org/W2145665216","https://openalex.org/W2145697390","https://openalex.org/W2149580466","https://openalex.org/W2160982437","https://openalex.org/W2161659680","https://openalex.org/W2163470201","https://openalex.org/W2228578885","https://openalex.org/W2261272073","https://openalex.org/W2281477309","https://openalex.org/W2503752665","https://openalex.org/W2747196278","https://openalex.org/W2753979338","https://openalex.org/W2773793494","https://openalex.org/W2775780088","https://openalex.org/W2995715298","https://openalex.org/W6772145032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207046288","https://openalex.org/W2377244945","https://openalex.org/W3023446922","https://openalex.org/W4324030030","https://openalex.org/W4392566681","https://openalex.org/W1569360120","https://openalex.org/W1980260791","https://openalex.org/W4385533602","https://openalex.org/W3189212133","https://openalex.org/W3184946644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"assesses":[2],"the":[3,11,19,31,34,54,72,76,80,91,97,101,107,111,119,122,125,140,143,153,163,181,184,197,206,210,216,221,227,232,239,248,253,266,281,290,294,301],"potential":[4],"of":[5,22,33,53,75,121,142,183,209,223,293,300],"Synthetic":[6],"Aperture":[7],"Radar":[8],"(SAR)":[9],"in":[10,40,79,103,155,186,226,241,278],"C":[12,35,81],"and":[13,25,29,36,67,82,90,95,158,168,175,215],"L":[14,37,83],"bands":[15,38,84],"to":[16,39,50,88,146,189,201,213,246,262,275],"penetrate":[17,247,284],"into":[18,124],"canopy":[20,108,112,126,250,254],"cover":[21,177,231,288],"wheat,":[23],"maize":[24,233,249,287],"grasslands.":[26],"For":[27,93,134,171,203],"wheat":[28,94,174],"grasslands,":[30,96],"sensitivity":[32,141,182],"situ":[41],"surface":[42],"soil":[43,272],"moisture":[44],"(SSM)":[45],"was":[46,85,218],"first":[47],"studied":[48,219],"according":[49,87,212],"three":[51],"levels":[52],"Normalized":[55],"Difference":[56],"Vegetation":[57],"Index":[58],"(NDVI":[59,115,178,258],"<":[60,63,65,132],"0.4,":[61],"0.4":[62],"NDVI":[64,68,131,136,217],"0.7,":[66,139],">":[69,116,179,259],"0.7).":[70],"Next,":[71],"temporal":[73,207],"evolution":[74,208],"SAR":[77,224],"signal":[78,145],"analyzed":[86],"SSM":[89,147,190,214],"NDVI.":[92],"results":[98,236,276],"showed":[99,237],"that":[100,238,269,299],"L-band":[102,154,185,228,282,295],"HH":[104,156,187],"polarization":[105,157,188,243],"penetrates":[106],"even":[109,251],"when":[110,252],"is":[113,127,148,191,199,244,255,296],"well-developed":[114,286],"0.7),":[117,180],"whereas":[118,195],"penetration":[120,291],"C-band":[123,164,198,211,240],"limited":[128],"for":[129,152,162],"an":[130,135],"0.7.":[133],"less":[137],"than":[138,298],"radar":[144],"approximately":[149,159,192],"0.27":[150],"dB/vol.%":[151,161],"0.12":[160],"(in":[165],"both":[166],"VV":[167,242],"VH":[169],"polarizations).":[170],"highly":[172],"developed":[173,257],"grassland":[176],"0.19":[193],"dB/vol.%,":[194],"as":[196],"insensitive":[200],"SSM.":[202],"maize,":[204],"only":[205],"because":[220],"swath":[222],"images":[225],"did":[229],"not":[230],"plots.":[234],"The":[235],"able":[245],"well":[256],"0.7)":[260],"due":[261],"high-order":[263],"scattering":[264],"along":[265],"soil-vegetation":[267],"pathway":[268],"contains":[270],"a":[271,285],"contribution.":[273],"According":[274],"obtained":[277],"this":[279],"paper,":[280],"would":[283],"since":[289],"depth":[292],"greater":[297],"C-band.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2019-01-01T00:00:00"}