{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155443879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041190","title":"HF Radar Bistatic Measurement of Surface Current Velocities: Drifter Comparisons and Radar Consistency Checks","display_name":"HF Radar Bistatic Measurement of Surface Current Velocities: Drifter Comparisons and Radar Consistency Checks","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155443879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041190","mag":"2155443879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs1041190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041190","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/4/1190/pdf?version=1403129152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/4/1190/pdf?version=1403129152","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026705954","display_name":"Belinda Lipa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114101","display_name":"Codar Ocean Sensors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02h6a5d26","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114101"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Belinda Lipa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Codar Ocean Sensors, 125 La Sandra Way, Portola Valley, CA 94028, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Codar Ocean Sensors, 125 La Sandra Way, Portola Valley, CA 94028, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001350471","display_name":"Chad Whelan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114101","display_name":"Codar Ocean Sensors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02h6a5d26","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114101"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chad Whelan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Codar Ocean Sensors, 1914 Plymouth Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Codar Ocean Sensors, 1914 Plymouth Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027579819","display_name":"Bill Rector","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114101","display_name":"Codar Ocean Sensors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02h6a5d26","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114101"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Rector","raw_affiliation_strings":["Codar Ocean Sensors, 1914 Plymouth Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Codar Ocean Sensors, 1914 Plymouth Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002970448","display_name":"Bruce Nyden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114101","display_name":"Codar Ocean Sensors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02h6a5d26","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114101"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Nyden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Codar Ocean Sensors, 1914 Plymouth Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Codar Ocean Sensors, 1914 Plymouth Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026705954"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114101"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.7803,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77573591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"1190","last_page":"1211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drifter","display_name":"Drifter","score":0.8856388330459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.8837464451789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6510208249092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6065014004707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5441102385520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.45876118540763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.447714239358902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.4233867824077606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2869493365287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.25505688786506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20195168256759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13472944498062134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95826659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2451097","display_name":"Drifter","level":3,"score":0.8856388330459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.8837464451789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6510208249092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6065014004707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5441102385520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.45876118540763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.447714239358902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.4233867824077606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2869493365287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.25505688786506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20195168256759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13472944498062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53469067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505735","display_name":"Lagrangian","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs1041190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041190","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/4/1190/pdf?version=1403129152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:951117d68fe24169b03b1754d990856a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/951117d68fe24169b03b1754d990856a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 1, Iss 4, Pp 1190-1211 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/1/4/1190/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1041190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 1; Issue 4; Pages: 1190-1211","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs1041190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041190","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/4/1190/pdf?version=1403129152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5876650630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309305","funder_display_name":"San Francisco State University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309305","display_name":"San Francisco State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ykr0121"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332253","display_name":"Coastal Response Research Center, University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2155443879.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2155443879.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571225901","https://openalex.org/W1770497277","https://openalex.org/W1782272231","https://openalex.org/W1917995517","https://openalex.org/W2117227158","https://openalex.org/W2143754810","https://openalex.org/W2147641290","https://openalex.org/W2163253745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380451819","https://openalex.org/W2125716714","https://openalex.org/W2387210280","https://openalex.org/W2091887884","https://openalex.org/W2569610252","https://openalex.org/W3080858538","https://openalex.org/W2541915404","https://openalex.org/W3012040388","https://openalex.org/W2165657214","https://openalex.org/W2548354930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,85],"describe":[1],"the":[2,15,18,23,54,82,111,133],"operation":[3,28,117],"of":[4,17,67,115],"a":[5,34],"bistatic":[6,35,50,116],"HF":[7],"radar":[8,24,83,97,119],"network":[9],"and":[10,75,101,131],"outline":[11],"analysis":[12],"methods":[13],"for":[14],"derivation":[16],"elliptical":[19,59],"velocity":[20,60,103],"components":[21,61,104],"from":[22],"echo":[25],"spectra.":[26],"Bistatic":[27],"is":[29],"illustrated":[30],"by":[31,53],"application":[32],"to":[33,64,107,124],"pair:":[36],"Both":[37],"remote":[38,45],"systems":[39],"receive":[40],"backscattered":[41],"echo,":[42],"with":[43,72,95],"one":[44],"system":[46],"in":[47,62,81,89,118,127],"addition":[48,63],"receiving":[49],"echoes":[51],"transmitted":[52],"other.":[55],"The":[56],"pair":[57],"produces":[58],"two":[65],"sets":[66],"radials.":[68],"Results":[69],"are":[70,93,105],"compared":[71],"drifter":[73],"measurements":[74],"checks":[76],"performed":[77],"on":[78],"internal":[79],"consistency":[80],"results.":[84],"show":[86],"that":[87],"differences":[88],"drifter/radar":[90],"current":[91,129],"velocities":[92,130],"consistent":[94,109],"calculated":[96],"data":[98,112],"uncertainties.":[99,113],"Elliptical":[100],"radial":[102],"demonstrated":[106],"be":[108,122],"within":[110],"Inclusion":[114],"networks":[120],"can":[121],"expected":[123],"increase":[125],"accuracy":[126],"derived":[128],"extend":[132],"coverage":[134],"area.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}