{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998940448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030534","title":"Examining Spatiotemporal Urbanization Patterns in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches","display_name":"Examining Spatiotemporal Urbanization Patterns in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Remote Sensing and Spatial Metrics Approaches","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998940448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030534","mag":"1998940448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs1030534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030534","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/534/pdf?version=1403129136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/534/pdf?version=1403129136","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041377798","display_name":"Rajesh Bahadur Thapa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4467-0148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Bahadur Thapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Spatial Information Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba / 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Spatial Information Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba / 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059202900","display_name":"Yuji Murayama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-6882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Murayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Spatial Information Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba / 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Spatial Information Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba / 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041377798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":4.4241,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":184,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94392792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"534","last_page":"556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.8798267841339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.631916880607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5101990699768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.4545355439186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4354398548603058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.33637726306915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1066727340221405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.8798267841339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.631916880607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5101990699768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4545355439186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4354398548603058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.33637726306915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1066727340221405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs1030534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030534","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/534/pdf?version=1403129136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27344ff495454625a34072d924673443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27344ff495454625a34072d924673443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 1, Iss 3, Pp 534-556 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/1/3/534/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1030534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 1; Issue 3; Pages: 534-556","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs1030534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030534","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/534/pdf?version=1403129136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998940448.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200910414","https://openalex.org/W576745764","https://openalex.org/W636509859","https://openalex.org/W1484230721","https://openalex.org/W1518769661","https://openalex.org/W1606936601","https://openalex.org/W1623080549","https://openalex.org/W1781101400","https://openalex.org/W1966818891","https://openalex.org/W1980783319","https://openalex.org/W1991257209","https://openalex.org/W2007140250","https://openalex.org/W2008645757","https://openalex.org/W2022623887","https://openalex.org/W2025391625","https://openalex.org/W2047845355","https://openalex.org/W2056289506","https://openalex.org/W2056357747","https://openalex.org/W2064278747","https://openalex.org/W2067328286","https://openalex.org/W2076627662","https://openalex.org/W2084289470","https://openalex.org/W2089841598","https://openalex.org/W2092786856","https://openalex.org/W2118691014","https://openalex.org/W2119367554","https://openalex.org/W2123284266","https://openalex.org/W2162339577","https://openalex.org/W2203120823","https://openalex.org/W2312997001","https://openalex.org/W2505682522","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392907783","https://openalex.org/W1985072978","https://openalex.org/W891751532","https://openalex.org/W2375489112","https://openalex.org/W2370838374","https://openalex.org/W2354222596","https://openalex.org/W2392291083","https://openalex.org/W2353135038","https://openalex.org/W2381059267","https://openalex.org/W2347277971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,37,44,48,70,82,91,105,108,115,128,152],"spatiotemporal":[4],"pattern":[5,64],"of":[6,24,65,79,111,147],"urbanization":[7,66,94],"in":[8,43,47,69,81,104,114,127,151],"Kathmandu":[9],"Valley":[10],"using":[11],"remote":[12],"sensing":[13],"and":[14,40,51,84,99,118,135],"spatial":[15,63],"metrics":[16],"techniques.":[17],"The":[18,93],"study":[19],"is":[20,67],"based":[21],"on":[22],"33-years":[23],"time":[25],"series":[26],"data":[27],"compiled":[28],"from":[29],"satellite":[30],"images.":[31],"Along":[32],"with":[33],"new":[34],"developments":[35],"within":[36],"city":[38,116],"fringes":[39],"rural":[41],"villages":[42],"valley,":[45],"shifts":[46],"natural":[49],"environment":[50],"newly":[52],"developed":[53,97],"socioeconomic":[54],"strains":[55],"between":[56,131],"residents":[57],"are":[58],"emerging.":[59],"A":[60],"highly":[61],"dynamic":[62],"observed":[68],"valley.":[71,106],"Urban":[72],"built-up":[73],"areas":[74,121],"had":[75],"a":[76,124,144],"slow":[77],"trend":[78,126,138],"growth":[80],"1960s":[83],"1970s":[85],"but":[86],"have":[87],"grown":[88],"rapidly":[89],"since":[90],"1980s.":[92],"process":[95,113],"has":[96,122],"fragmented":[98],"heterogeneous":[100],"land":[101,132],"use":[102,133],"combinations":[103],"However,":[107],"refill":[109],"type":[110],"development":[112,150],"core":[117],"immediate":[119],"fringe":[120],"shown":[123],"decreasing":[125],"neighborhood":[129],"distances":[130],"patches,":[134],"an":[136],"increasing":[137],"towards":[139],"physical":[140],"connectedness,":[141],"which":[142],"indicates":[143],"higher":[145],"probability":[146],"homogenous":[148],"landscape":[149],"upcoming":[153],"decades.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}