{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995265978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030496","title":"Evaluation and Normalization of Cloud Obscuration Related BRDF Effects in Field Spectroscopy","display_name":"Evaluation and Normalization of Cloud Obscuration Related BRDF Effects in Field Spectroscopy","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995265978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030496","mag":"1995265978"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs1030496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030496","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/496/pdf?version=1403129136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/496/pdf?version=1403129136","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023810282","display_name":"Jan Stuckens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan Stuckens","raw_affiliation_strings":["M3 BIORES, K.U. Leuven, de Croylaan 34, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M3 BIORES, K.U. Leuven, de Croylaan 34, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083335734","display_name":"Ben Somers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7875-107X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Somers","raw_affiliation_strings":["M3 BIORES, K.U. Leuven, de Croylaan 34, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M3 BIORES, K.U. Leuven, de Croylaan 34, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014799889","display_name":"Willem W. Verstraeten","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willem W. Verstraeten","raw_affiliation_strings":["M3 BIORES, K.U. Leuven, de Croylaan 34, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M3 BIORES, K.U. Leuven, de Croylaan 34, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058002183","display_name":"Rony Swennen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5258-9043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rony Swennen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Crop Biotechnics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 13, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Crop Biotechnics, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 13, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067935015","display_name":"Pol Coppin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-1480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pol Coppin","raw_affiliation_strings":["M3 BIORES, K.U. Leuven, de Croylaan 34, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M3 BIORES, K.U. Leuven, de Croylaan 34, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023810282"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3155,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65147715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"496","last_page":"518"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.6682765483856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6539217829704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-reflectance-infrared-fourier-transform","display_name":"Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform","score":0.563342273235321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5460172295570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.5250318646430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.4775572419166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.43665066361427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.42548075318336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38576531410217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32810544967651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19763994216918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17328575253486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1029214859008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.09468930959701538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.6682765483856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6539217829704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156328458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275423","display_name":"Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.563342273235321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5460172295570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.5250318646430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.4775572419166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.43665066361427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.42548075318336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38576531410217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32810544967651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19763994216918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17328575253486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1029214859008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.09468930959701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218831","display_name":"Photocatalysis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs1030496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030496","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/496/pdf?version=1403129136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d74f06b5977f47d7ab64d3be7ca0d463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d74f06b5977f47d7ab64d3be7ca0d463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 1, Iss 3, Pp 496-518 (2009)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/1/3/496/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1030496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs1030496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030496","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/3/496/pdf?version=1403129136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335227","display_name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1995265978.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564611446","https://openalex.org/W1680149544","https://openalex.org/W1895491109","https://openalex.org/W1965344110","https://openalex.org/W1978893812","https://openalex.org/W1987490310","https://openalex.org/W1990369483","https://openalex.org/W2013017749","https://openalex.org/W2014523586","https://openalex.org/W2015745905","https://openalex.org/W2020860387","https://openalex.org/W2028078747","https://openalex.org/W2030106896","https://openalex.org/W2032650299","https://openalex.org/W2049298584","https://openalex.org/W2051065790","https://openalex.org/W2062594147","https://openalex.org/W2062983247","https://openalex.org/W2067309702","https://openalex.org/W2069174295","https://openalex.org/W2080190354","https://openalex.org/W2094697334","https://openalex.org/W2117876849","https://openalex.org/W2125459444","https://openalex.org/W2151896708","https://openalex.org/W2155052878","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2170846069","https://openalex.org/W2174939564","https://openalex.org/W3146954097","https://openalex.org/W4388375774","https://openalex.org/W6657320783","https://openalex.org/W6892137690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2774256758","https://openalex.org/W2026859948","https://openalex.org/W2000112597","https://openalex.org/W2765253738","https://openalex.org/W2053540137","https://openalex.org/W2127527588","https://openalex.org/W2091113069","https://openalex.org/W2002983552","https://openalex.org/W1991602237","https://openalex.org/W2133404368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"impact":[1],"of":[2,9],"target":[3,43],"bidirectional":[4,44,54],"reflectance":[5,30,39,45,69],"in":[6,67],"dual":[7],"field":[8,17],"view":[10],"spectroscopy":[11],"was":[12,26],"described":[13],"and":[14,19,51,61,82],"quantified":[15],"using":[16],"measurements":[18],"ray-tracing":[20],"simulations.":[21],"A":[22],"data-driven":[23],"normalization":[24,73],"method":[25],"developed":[27],"to":[28,76],"convert":[29],"factors":[31],"under":[32],"cloud":[33],"obscured":[34],"conditions":[35],"into":[36,46],"clear":[37],"sky":[38],"by":[40,72],"decomposing":[41],"the":[42,93],"an":[47],"isotropic":[48],"target-specific":[49],"component":[50],"a":[52,65,88],"group-specific":[53],"component.":[55],"An":[56],"evaluation":[57],"on":[58],"tree,":[59],"grass":[60],"gravel":[62],"targets":[63],"suggests":[64],"reduction":[66],"relative":[68],"error":[70],"obtained":[71],"from":[74],"15%":[75],"less":[77],"than":[78],"5%":[79],"between":[80],"400":[81],"1800":[83],"nm.":[84],"At":[85],"higher":[86],"wavelengths":[87],"decreased":[89],"signal-to-noise":[90],"ratio":[91],"increases":[92],"errors.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:16:33.117629","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}