{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904200902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10122029","title":"Comparison of the GPM IMERG Final Precipitation Product to RADOLAN Weather Radar Data over the Topographically and Climatically Diverse Germany","display_name":"Comparison of the GPM IMERG Final Precipitation Product to RADOLAN Weather Radar Data over the Topographically and Climatically Diverse Germany","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904200902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10122029","mag":"2904200902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10122029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10122029","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/12/2029/pdf?version=1544703674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/12/2029/pdf?version=1544703674","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017182427","display_name":"Thomas Ramsauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-4540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Ramsauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, LMU Munich, Luisenstra\u00dfe 37, 80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-4540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, LMU Munich, Luisenstra\u00dfe 37, 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046484779","display_name":"Thomas Wei\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-8379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Wei\u00df","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, LMU Munich, Luisenstra\u00dfe 37, 80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-8379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, LMU Munich, Luisenstra\u00dfe 37, 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065838426","display_name":"Philip Marzahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-120X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Marzahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, LMU Munich, Luisenstra\u00dfe 37, 80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-120X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, LMU Munich, Luisenstra\u00dfe 37, 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017182427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.9763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91607764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"2029","last_page":"2029"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7515263557434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.7259268760681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-precipitation-measurement","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","score":0.6645094752311707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5599098205566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.5497631430625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.525597095489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5077670812606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-precipitation-forecast","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation forecast","score":0.4832330644130707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrometeorology","display_name":"Hydrometeorology","score":0.4613824486732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-precipitation-estimation","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation estimation","score":0.45021846890449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.42874228954315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14319634437561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11550724506378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0969989001750946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7515263557434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.7259268760681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29278236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3108963","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","level":3,"score":0.6645094752311707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5599098205566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5497631430625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.525597095489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5077670812606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140178040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18402512","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation forecast","level":3,"score":0.4832330644130707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100725284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045317","display_name":"Hydrometeorology","level":3,"score":0.4613824486732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75398719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268938","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation estimation","level":3,"score":0.45021846890449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.42874228954315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14319634437561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11550724506378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0969989001750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10122029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10122029","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/12/2029/pdf?version=1544703674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02be0a18de83456dbacf499b33005a31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02be0a18de83456dbacf499b33005a31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 2029 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de:67806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67806/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/12/2029/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10122029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 12; Pages: 2029","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10122029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10122029","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/12/2029/pdf?version=1544703674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7719492863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"687320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904200902.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1672537596","https://openalex.org/W1984694326","https://openalex.org/W1991589602","https://openalex.org/W2014411764","https://openalex.org/W2053195268","https://openalex.org/W2055308682","https://openalex.org/W2062124499","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2078308830","https://openalex.org/W2084347101","https://openalex.org/W2094850086","https://openalex.org/W2104217558","https://openalex.org/W2106381703","https://openalex.org/W2133215638","https://openalex.org/W2150516764","https://openalex.org/W2160403439","https://openalex.org/W2162343095","https://openalex.org/W2172578453","https://openalex.org/W2176371272","https://openalex.org/W2187558081","https://openalex.org/W2191985424","https://openalex.org/W2201708535","https://openalex.org/W2269631561","https://openalex.org/W2285509402","https://openalex.org/W2292802441","https://openalex.org/W2333456662","https://openalex.org/W2337947510","https://openalex.org/W2398837725","https://openalex.org/W2413554747","https://openalex.org/W2518002911","https://openalex.org/W2539750240","https://openalex.org/W2546195686","https://openalex.org/W2552451386","https://openalex.org/W2552650548","https://openalex.org/W2557198744","https://openalex.org/W2560821854","https://openalex.org/W2563998100","https://openalex.org/W2587566521","https://openalex.org/W2588997247","https://openalex.org/W2672495453","https://openalex.org/W2672696483","https://openalex.org/W2736304506","https://openalex.org/W2746963570","https://openalex.org/W2746987791","https://openalex.org/W2749584762","https://openalex.org/W2759605829","https://openalex.org/W2765312775","https://openalex.org/W2766310753","https://openalex.org/W2767638814","https://openalex.org/W2767834217","https://openalex.org/W2767868032","https://openalex.org/W2768958127","https://openalex.org/W2769754637","https://openalex.org/W2772763651","https://openalex.org/W2790707046","https://openalex.org/W2791166579","https://openalex.org/W2791629014","https://openalex.org/W2793714880","https://openalex.org/W2805051182","https://openalex.org/W2884231675","https://openalex.org/W2885989113","https://openalex.org/W4245530844","https://openalex.org/W6743208164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615840281","https://openalex.org/W2353410199","https://openalex.org/W2382614056","https://openalex.org/W2061328221","https://openalex.org/W3028635526","https://openalex.org/W1966152513","https://openalex.org/W2747236480","https://openalex.org/W2974336646","https://openalex.org/W2354634840","https://openalex.org/W3147968571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precipitation":[0,38],"measurements":[1],"provide":[2,21],"crucial":[3],"information":[4],"for":[5,35,142],"hydrometeorological":[6],"applications.":[7],"In":[8],"regions":[9],"where":[10],"typical":[11],"precipitation":[12,44,134,157,174,198,215],"measurement":[13],"gauges":[14],"are":[15,84,138],"sparse,":[16],"gridded":[17],"products":[18],"aim":[19],"to":[20,55,91,122,126,148,154,176,201,236],"alternative":[22],"data":[23,147],"sources.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"examines":[27],"the":[28,36,48,56,78,106,111,124,128,146,165,171,180,202,212],"performance":[29,187],"of":[30,51,67,70,99,110,131,145,173,227],"NASA\u2019s":[31],"Integrated":[32],"Multi-satellitE":[33],"Retrievals":[34],"Global":[37],"Measurement":[39],"Mission":[40],"(IMERG,":[41],"GPM)":[42],"satellite":[43,114],"dataset":[45,60],"in":[46,156,179,185,189,219,230],"capturing":[47],"spatio-temporal":[49],"variability":[50,130,229],"weather":[52,58,203],"events":[53,199],"compared":[54,175,200],"German":[57],"radar":[59,112,204],"RADOLAN":[61],"RW.":[62],"Besides":[63],"quantity,":[64],"also":[65,196],"timing":[66],"rainfall":[68,132,231],"is":[69,120,216],"very":[71],"high":[72],"importance":[73],"when":[74],"modeling":[75],"or":[76],"monitoring":[77],"hydrologic":[79],"cycle.":[80],"Therefore,":[81],"detection":[82,186],"metrics":[83],"evaluated":[85],"along":[86,207],"with":[87,192],"standard":[88],"statistical":[89],"measures":[90],"test":[92],"both":[93],"datasets.":[94,166],"Using":[95],"indices":[96],"like":[97],"\u201cprobability":[98],"detection\u201d":[100],"allows":[101],"a":[102,117,225],"binary":[103],"evaluation":[104],"showing":[105],"basic":[107],"categorical":[108],"accordance":[109],"and":[113,133,211,232],"data.":[115,205],"Furthermore,":[116],"pixel-by-pixel":[118],"comparison":[119],"performed":[121],"assess":[123,149],"ability":[125],"represent":[127],"spatial":[129,228],"quantity.":[135],"All":[136],"calculations":[137],"additionally":[139],"carried":[140],"out":[141],"seasonal":[143],"subsets":[144],"potentially":[150],"different":[151],"behavior":[152],"due":[153,235],"differences":[155,163],"schemes.":[158],"The":[159],"results":[160],"indicate":[161],"significant":[162,193],"between":[164],"Overall,":[167],"GPM":[168,220],"IMERG":[169],"overestimates":[170],"quantity":[172],"RADOLAN,":[177],"especially":[178],"winter":[181],"season.":[182],"Moreover,":[183],"shortcomings":[184],"arise":[188],"this":[190],"season":[191],"erroneously-detected,":[194],"yet":[195],"missed":[197],"Additionally,":[206],"secondary":[208],"mountain":[209],"ranges":[210],"Alps,":[213],"topographically-induced":[214],"not":[217],"represented":[218],"data,":[221],"which":[222],"generally":[223],"shows":[224],"lack":[226],"snowfall":[233],"estimates":[234],"lower":[237],"resolution.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2018-12-22T00:00:00"}