{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899306094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111718","title":"Establishment and Evaluation of a New Meteorological Observation-Based Grid Model for Estimating Zenith Wet Delay in Ground-Based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)","display_name":"Establishment and Evaluation of a New Meteorological Observation-Based Grid Model for Estimating Zenith Wet Delay in Ground-Based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899306094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111718","mag":"2899306094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10111718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111718","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1718/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1718/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072289333","display_name":"Yibin Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-4601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113165126","display_name":"Zhangyu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangyu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082274844","display_name":"Chaoqian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-2600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaoqian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082274844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":18.9513,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98641747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"1718","last_page":"1718"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosonde","display_name":"Radiosonde","score":0.8355040550231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7635247707366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.745098352432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.631379246711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.6242471933364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.5727591514587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5616464018821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5304635763168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4136430025100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3724956512451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27447444200515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1940562129020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08780932426452637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11999413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852817","display_name":"Radiosonde","level":2,"score":0.8355040550231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7635247707366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.745098352432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.631379246711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.6242471933364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.5727591514587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5616464018821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5304635763168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4136430025100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3724956512451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27447444200515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1940562129020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08780932426452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10111718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111718","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1718/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02b030601fd84a4ab3a8631760faf192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02b030601fd84a4ab3a8631760faf192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 11, p 1718 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/11/1718/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10111718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111718","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1718/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1256981136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41574028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899306094.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2899306094.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1020050588","https://openalex.org/W1519855838","https://openalex.org/W1535176033","https://openalex.org/W1968427495","https://openalex.org/W1983985357","https://openalex.org/W2008251231","https://openalex.org/W2042435616","https://openalex.org/W2062123922","https://openalex.org/W2081182187","https://openalex.org/W2097918869","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2115738000","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2150680604","https://openalex.org/W2163847452","https://openalex.org/W2174616381","https://openalex.org/W2184315971","https://openalex.org/W2188967534","https://openalex.org/W2441682984","https://openalex.org/W2558686734","https://openalex.org/W2589194226","https://openalex.org/W2738909744","https://openalex.org/W2889064365","https://openalex.org/W6632175673","https://openalex.org/W6652719228","https://openalex.org/W6926439816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383463955","https://openalex.org/W2023025733","https://openalex.org/W2384996032","https://openalex.org/W3084744931","https://openalex.org/W2902549258","https://openalex.org/W2968867052","https://openalex.org/W4220774937","https://openalex.org/W4306248906","https://openalex.org/W4385199229","https://openalex.org/W4306291904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,12,16,28,33,45,49,71,75,94,121,127,131,143,147,157],"availability":[2],"to":[3],"high-accuracy":[4],"a":[5,58,90],"priori":[6],"zenith":[7],"wet":[8],"delay":[9],"(ZWD)":[10],"data,":[11,133],"positioning":[13,19,34],"efficiency":[14],"of":[15,107,112,138],"precise":[17],"point":[18],"(PPP)":[20],"processing":[21],"can":[22,153],"be":[23,154],"effectively":[24],"improved,":[25],"including":[26],"accelerating":[27],"convergence":[29],"time":[30],"and":[31,56,74,102,115,130,150],"improving":[32],"precision,":[35],"in":[36,48,100],"ground-based":[37],"Global":[38],"Navigation":[39],"Satellite":[40],"System":[41],"(GNSS)":[42],"technology.":[43],"Considering":[44],"limitations":[46],"existing":[47],"state-of-the-art":[50,144],"ZWD":[51,67,88],"models,":[52],"this":[53],"paper":[54],"established":[55],"evaluated":[57,125],"new":[59,158],"in-situ":[60],"meteorological":[61,95],"observation-based":[62],"grid":[63],"model":[64,123],"for":[65,78,156],"estimating":[66],"named":[68],"GridZWD":[69,122],"using":[70],"radiosonde":[72,132],"data":[73,129],"European":[76],"Centre":[77],"Medium-Range":[79],"Weather":[80],"Forecasts":[81],"(ECWMF)":[82],"data.":[83],"The":[84,105],"results":[85],"show":[86],"that":[87],"has":[89],"strong":[91],"correlation":[92],"with":[93,126,142],"parameter":[96],"water":[97],"vapor":[98],"pressure":[99],"continental":[101],"high-latitude":[103],"regions.":[104],"root":[106],"mean":[108],"square":[109],"error":[110],"(RMS)":[111],"24.6":[113],"mm":[114,117],"36.0":[116],"are":[118],"achievable":[119],"by":[120],"when":[124],"ECWMF":[128],"respectively.":[134],"An":[135],"accuracy":[136],"improvement":[137],"approximately":[139],"10%~30%":[140],"compared":[141],"models":[145],"(e.g.,":[146],"Saastamoinen,":[148],"Hopfield":[149],"GPT2w":[151],"models)":[152],"found":[155],"built":[159],"model.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
