{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898578456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111676","title":"Analysis and Simulation on Imaging Performance of Backward and Forward Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar","display_name":"Analysis and Simulation on Imaging Performance of Backward and Forward Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898578456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111676","mag":"2898578456"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10111676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111676","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1676/pdf?version=1540361914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1676/pdf?version=1540361914","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030338369","display_name":"Tingting Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3146-2761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109400962","display_name":"Kun\u2010Shan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-9861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I903994226","display_name":"Xuchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k174p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I903994226"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun-Shan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China","The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I903994226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064599381","display_name":"Ming Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109400962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I903994226"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":10.5285,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97763007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"1676","last_page":"1676"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.9775640964508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6069315075874329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5567578077316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.45071423053741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44722995162010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.41456642746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.29078376293182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.2604994773864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.246387779712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2438509166240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1134175956249237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.9775640964508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6069315075874329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5567578077316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.45071423053741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44722995162010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.41456642746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.29078376293182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2604994773864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.246387779712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2438509166240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1134175956249237}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10111676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111676","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1676/pdf?version=1540361914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24d86a92a1a34a0ea4b1af4ace846e36","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24d86a92a1a34a0ea4b1af4ace846e36","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 11, p 1676 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/11/1676/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 11; Pages: 1676","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10111676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111676","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1676/pdf?version=1540361914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1755048571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41531175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3441788350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41590853","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8834942509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4159085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898578456.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898578456.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W396317277","https://openalex.org/W1895555882","https://openalex.org/W1968204053","https://openalex.org/W1994867044","https://openalex.org/W2008382864","https://openalex.org/W2035885222","https://openalex.org/W2041000272","https://openalex.org/W2078625885","https://openalex.org/W2079104930","https://openalex.org/W2090272134","https://openalex.org/W2096554423","https://openalex.org/W2113466417","https://openalex.org/W2122238582","https://openalex.org/W2145303893","https://openalex.org/W2150295396","https://openalex.org/W2151264810","https://openalex.org/W2152234893","https://openalex.org/W2158380702","https://openalex.org/W2158898891","https://openalex.org/W2165171393","https://openalex.org/W2331042577","https://openalex.org/W2493986092","https://openalex.org/W2588501114","https://openalex.org/W2767691372","https://openalex.org/W2774661110","https://openalex.org/W2886164883","https://openalex.org/W6670262289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971489344","https://openalex.org/W2068843146","https://openalex.org/W2462749609","https://openalex.org/W2089206135","https://openalex.org/W4252699458","https://openalex.org/W3127689436","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2982652090","https://openalex.org/W3198014086","https://openalex.org/W1981675605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,83,155,218],"recent":[1,57],"years,":[2],"bistatic":[3,26,61,101,130,138,144,160,170,181,189,215,231,249,331,353],"synthetic":[4],"aperture":[5],"radar":[6],"(SAR)":[7],"technique":[8],"has":[9,52],"attracted":[10],"considerable":[11],"and":[12,37,39,49,90,115,127,150,173,197,229,299,313,328,334],"increasing":[13],"attention.":[14],"Compared":[15],"to":[16,70,94,175,221,295,311,322,338],"monostatic":[17],"SAR":[18,27,102,139,161,190,216,332],"for":[19,346],"which":[20],"only":[21],"the":[22,29,42,65,74,84,109,113,117,122,128,136,141,204,222,233,239,244,247,262,266,269,280,286,297,301,305,315,326,336,339,343],"backscattering":[23],"is":[24,68,104,125,132,207,236,293],"measured,":[25],"expands":[28],"scattering":[30,62],"measurements":[31],"in":[32,56,64,73,77,121,140,162,179,210,213,238,351],"aspects":[33,142],"of":[34,44,79,108,112,119,143,164,184,268,278,317,325,330,342],"angular":[35],"region":[36,67,76],"polarization,":[38],"greatly":[40],"enhances":[41],"capability":[43],"remote":[45],"sensing":[46],"over":[47],"terrain":[48],"sea.":[50],"It":[51],"been":[53],"pointed":[54],"out":[55],"theoretical":[58],"researches":[59],"that":[60,71,203],"measured":[63,72],"forward":[66,85,129,214,230,240,248,352],"preferable":[69],"backward":[75,137,228],"lines":[78],"surface":[80],"parameters":[81,187,271,345],"retrieval.":[82],"region,":[86],"both":[87],"dynamic":[88],"range":[89,145,166,171,205],"signal":[91,174],"sensitivity":[92],"increase":[93],"a":[95,257,276,347],"great":[96],"extent.":[97],"For":[98,256],"these":[99],"reasons,":[100],"imaging":[103,131,191,224,250,264,307,333],"desirable.":[105],"However,":[106],"because":[107],"separated":[110],"positions":[111],"transmitter":[114],"receiver,":[116],"degrees":[118],"freedom":[120],"parameter":[123,148],"space":[124],"increased":[126],"more":[133],"complicated":[134],"than":[135],"history,":[146],"Doppler":[147],"estimation":[149],"motion":[151,186,270,344],"compensation,":[152],"et,":[153],"al.":[154],"this":[156],"study,":[157],"we":[158],"analyze":[159],"terms":[163],"ground":[165],"resolution,":[167,169],"azimuth":[168],"history":[172],"noise":[176],"ratio":[177],"(SNR)":[178],"different":[180,223],"configurations.":[182,354],"Effects":[183],"system":[185,283],"on":[188],"are":[192,309],"investigated":[193],"through":[194],"analytical":[195],"modeling":[196],"numerical":[198],"simulations.":[199],"The":[200,319],"results":[201,308,320],"indicate":[202],"resolution":[206],"extremely":[208],"degraded":[209],"some":[211],"cases":[212],"imaging.":[217,241],"addition,":[219],"due":[220],"projection":[225],"rules":[226],"between":[227],"SAR,":[232],"ghost":[234],"point":[235],"produced":[237],"To":[242],"avoid":[243],"above":[245],"problems,":[246],"geometry":[251],"must":[252],"be":[253,273],"carefully":[254],"considered.":[255],"given":[258],"application":[259],"requirement":[260],"with":[261],"desired":[263],"performances,":[265],"design":[267,341],"can":[272],"considered":[274],"as":[275],"question":[277],"solving":[279],"nonlinear":[281],"equation":[282],"(NES).":[284],"Then":[285],"improved":[287],"chaos":[288],"particle":[289],"swarm":[290],"optimization":[291],"(CPSO)":[292],"introduced":[294],"solve":[296],"NES":[298],"obtain":[300],"optimal":[302,340],"solutions.":[303],"And":[304],"simulated":[306],"used":[310],"test":[312],"verify":[314],"effectiveness":[316],"CPSO.":[318],"help":[321],"deepen":[323],"understanding":[324],"constraints":[327],"properties":[329],"provide":[335],"reference":[337],"specific":[348],"requirement,":[349],"especially":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2018-11-02T00:00:00"}