{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898409140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111671","title":"A Markovian Approach to Unsupervised Change Detection with Multiresolution and Multimodality SAR Data","display_name":"A Markovian Approach to Unsupervised Change Detection with Multiresolution and Multimodality SAR Data","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898409140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111671","mag":"2898409140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10111671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111671","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1671/pdf?version=1540283365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1671/pdf?version=1540283365","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058293995","display_name":"David Solarna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-7447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Solarna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All\u2019Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy","Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All\u2019Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012936131","display_name":"Gabriele Moser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-2938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Moser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All\u2019Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy","Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All\u2019Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041360967","display_name":"Sebastiano B. Serpico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-7230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiano B. Serpico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All\u2019Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy","Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All\u2019Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via All'Opera Pia 11A, 16145 Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012936131","https://openalex.org/A5041360967","https://openalex.org/A5058293995"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.8228,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79067333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"1671","last_page":"1671"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7018972635269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.6399984359741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6142498254776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.5917881727218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5338583588600159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4978609085083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.47648876905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4622070789337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.44103461503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4404074549674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4252975285053253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3956478238105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3360111713409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1798037886619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1717812716960907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.14841610193252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1092526912689209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7018972635269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.6399984359741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6142498254776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.5917881727218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5338583588600159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4978609085083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.47648876905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4622070789337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.44103461503982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4404074549674988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4252975285053253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3956478238105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3360111713409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1798037886619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1717812716960907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.14841610193252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1092526912689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10111671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111671","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1671/pdf?version=1540283365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ed25caf637b415daf281060c97a7567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ed25caf637b415daf281060c97a7567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 11, p 1671 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/932963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/932963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/11/1671/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 11; Pages: 1671","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10111671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10111671","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/11/1671/pdf?version=1540283365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898409140.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2898409140.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28766783","https://openalex.org/W79315950","https://openalex.org/W1584663654","https://openalex.org/W1669730594","https://openalex.org/W1966158031","https://openalex.org/W1970115416","https://openalex.org/W1974524700","https://openalex.org/W1981367467","https://openalex.org/W1991514823","https://openalex.org/W2003978305","https://openalex.org/W2008624061","https://openalex.org/W2018243050","https://openalex.org/W2019792447","https://openalex.org/W2020999234","https://openalex.org/W2030233108","https://openalex.org/W2034073840","https://openalex.org/W2040985699","https://openalex.org/W2045214108","https://openalex.org/W2053476892","https://openalex.org/W2056410627","https://openalex.org/W2078571032","https://openalex.org/W2078896998","https://openalex.org/W2086726221","https://openalex.org/W2087278589","https://openalex.org/W2098914003","https://openalex.org/W2101309634","https://openalex.org/W2101993754","https://openalex.org/W2102150301","https://openalex.org/W2102218435","https://openalex.org/W2110519070","https://openalex.org/W2113137767","https://openalex.org/W2114220616","https://openalex.org/W2126176832","https://openalex.org/W2126231206","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2140022209","https://openalex.org/W2143516773","https://openalex.org/W2146075447","https://openalex.org/W2152185773","https://openalex.org/W2157100165","https://openalex.org/W2159377629","https://openalex.org/W2159983350","https://openalex.org/W2166052353","https://openalex.org/W2166508941","https://openalex.org/W2299851271","https://openalex.org/W2412925410","https://openalex.org/W2497075055","https://openalex.org/W2567873607","https://openalex.org/W2768533672","https://openalex.org/W2949490564","https://openalex.org/W3099110573","https://openalex.org/W4206192903","https://openalex.org/W6661738522","https://openalex.org/W6664703995","https://openalex.org/W6746413224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2568858292","https://openalex.org/W1515964938","https://openalex.org/W2389381914","https://openalex.org/W3181296946","https://openalex.org/W2376528221","https://openalex.org/W2359428812","https://openalex.org/W3205829146","https://openalex.org/W2008518276","https://openalex.org/W2152662390","https://openalex.org/W2081155276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,46],"the":[1,67,111,125,136,145,148,151,173,177,186,202],"framework":[2,197],"of":[3,70,147,166],"synthetic":[4],"aperture":[5],"radar":[6],"(SAR)":[7],"systems,":[8],"current":[9],"satellite":[10],"missions":[11],"make":[12],"it":[13],"possible":[14],"to":[15,129,200],"acquire":[16],"images":[17,113,168],"at":[18,78,115,135,150,176,190],"very":[19],"high":[20],"and":[21,42,51,102,119,160,180],"multiple":[22,79,116],"spatial":[23,80,117,153],"resolutions":[24,118],"with":[25,120],"short":[26],"revisit":[27],"times.":[28],"This":[29,58,140],"scenario":[30],"conveys":[31],"a":[32,164],"remarkable":[33],"potential":[34],"in":[35],"applications":[36],"to,":[37],"for":[38,66],"instance,":[39],"environmental":[40],"monitoring":[41],"natural":[43],"disaster":[44],"recovery.":[45],"this":[47],"context,":[48],"data":[49,73,149],"fusion":[50],"change":[52,63,133],"detection":[53,64,203],"methodologies":[54],"play":[55],"major":[56],"roles.":[57],"paper":[59],"proposes":[60],"an":[61,131,207],"unsupervised":[62],"algorithm":[65],"challenging":[68],"case":[69],"multimodal":[71,209],"SAR":[72,112],"collected":[74,183],"by":[75,143,161,205],"sensors":[76,187],"operating":[77],"resolutions.":[81],"The":[82],"method":[83],"is":[84,141,198,213],"based":[85],"on":[86,124,172],"Markovian":[87],"probabilistic":[88],"graphical":[89],"models,":[90],"graph":[91,216],"cuts,":[92],"linear":[93],"mixtures,":[94],"generalized":[95,157],"Gaussian":[96,158],"distributions,":[97],"Gram\u2013Charlier":[98],"approximations,":[99],"maximum":[100],"likelihood":[101],"minimum":[103],"mean":[104],"squared":[105],"error":[106],"estimation.":[107],"It":[108],"benefits":[109],"from":[110],"acquired":[114],"possibly":[121],"different":[122],"modalities":[123],"considered":[126],"acquisition":[127],"times":[128],"generate":[130],"output":[132],"map":[134],"finest":[137,178],"observed":[138],"resolution.":[139,192],"accomplished":[142],"modeling":[144],"statistics":[146],"various":[152],"scales":[154],"through":[155],"appropriate":[156,208],"distributions":[159],"iteratively":[162],"estimating":[163],"set":[165],"virtual":[167],"that":[169,191,212],"are":[170],"defined":[171],"pixel":[174],"grid":[175],"resolution":[179],"would":[181],"be":[182],"if":[184],"all":[185],"could":[188],"work":[189],"A":[193],"Markov":[194],"random":[195],"field":[196],"adopted":[199],"address":[201],"problem":[204],"defining":[206],"energy":[210],"function":[211],"minimized":[214],"using":[215],"cuts.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}