{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894962478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101570","title":"Implications of Pixel Quality Flags on the Observation Density of a Continental Landsat Archive","display_name":"Implications of Pixel Quality Flags on the Observation Density of a Continental Landsat Archive","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894962478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101570","mag":"2894962478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10101570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101570","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/10/1570/pdf?version=1538371535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/10/1570/pdf?version=1538371535","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011099719","display_name":"Stefan Ernst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6012-5476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Ernst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography Department, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography Department, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055165082","display_name":"Leo Lymburner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1274-1792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331816111","display_name":"Geoscience Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/04ge02x20","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331816111","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Lymburner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331816111"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109456839","display_name":"Josh Sixsmith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331816111","display_name":"Geoscience Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/04ge02x20","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331816111","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh Sixsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331816111"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011099719"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.3341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81282044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"10","first_page":"1570","last_page":"1570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7217280864715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturation","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","score":0.6367045640945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6254432201385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5072124004364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4965844750404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4543839693069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.4306163489818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21712088584899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11705917119979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10125482082366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07956117391586304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7217280864715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9930424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6367045640945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6254432201385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5072124004364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4965844750404358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4543839693069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.4306163489818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21712088584899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11705917119979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10125482082366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07956117391586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10101570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101570","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/10/1570/pdf?version=1538371535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:238d1120459b413bad8dd09e6c51d2a2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/238d1120459b413bad8dd09e6c51d2a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 10, p 1570 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.hu-berlin.de:18452/21185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/21185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400923","display_name":"edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","host_organization_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/10/1570/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 10; Pages: 1570","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10101570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101570","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/10/1570/pdf?version=1538371535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894962478.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894962478.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8578128","https://openalex.org/W1968563567","https://openalex.org/W1976978666","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W1985448288","https://openalex.org/W1988644985","https://openalex.org/W1989690792","https://openalex.org/W2001599060","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2030851497","https://openalex.org/W2032805501","https://openalex.org/W2045084504","https://openalex.org/W2047549267","https://openalex.org/W2055718260","https://openalex.org/W2061528461","https://openalex.org/W2095482672","https://openalex.org/W2103039718","https://openalex.org/W2106584184","https://openalex.org/W2117706739","https://openalex.org/W2121690928","https://openalex.org/W2140908571","https://openalex.org/W2164131390","https://openalex.org/W2179843978","https://openalex.org/W2205436042","https://openalex.org/W2439576902","https://openalex.org/W2460672227","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2572348253","https://openalex.org/W2605847660","https://openalex.org/W2608957863","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2734629852","https://openalex.org/W2789233071","https://openalex.org/W2794891691","https://openalex.org/W2799805920","https://openalex.org/W4244474802","https://openalex.org/W6642342704","https://openalex.org/W6658620103","https://openalex.org/W6666052387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W2802581102","https://openalex.org/W4205786897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pixel":[0],"quality":[1],"(PQ)":[2],"products":[3],"delivered":[4,235],"with":[5,12,236],"Analysis":[6],"Ready":[7],"Data":[8],"(ARD)":[9],"provide":[10],"users":[11],"information":[13],"about":[14],"the":[15,18,24,97,155,180,202,228,242],"conditions":[16],"of":[17,26,65,99,127,158,167,182,230,244],"surface,":[19],"atmosphere,":[20],"and":[21,71,114,119,185,193],"sensor":[22,37,186,194],"at":[23,79],"time":[25],"acquisition.":[27],"Knowing":[28],"whether":[29],"an":[30,210],"observation":[31,139],"was":[32],"affected":[33],"by":[34,165,216],"clouds":[35],"or":[36,51],"saturation":[38,72,121,195],"is":[39,238],"crucial":[40],"when":[41],"selecting":[42],"data":[43,100,129,213],"to":[44,85,142,147,178,209],"include":[45],"in":[46,68,138,212,219,232,240],"automated":[47],"analysis,":[48],"as":[49],"imperfect":[50],"erroneous":[52],"observations":[53,87,159],"are":[54],"undesirable":[55],"for":[56,102,124],"most":[57],"applications.":[58],"There":[59],"is,":[60],"however,":[61],"a":[62,80,93,172,220],"certain":[63],"rate":[64],"commission":[66,113,192],"error":[67],"cloud":[69,112,118,191],"detection,":[70],"may":[73],"not":[74],"affect":[75,111],"all":[76],"spectral":[77],"bands":[78],"time,":[81],"which":[82],"can":[83,91,110,175],"lead":[84],"suitable":[86],"being":[88],"excluded.":[89],"This":[90,206],"have":[92],"substantial":[94,136],"impact":[95,153],"on":[96,154,201,225],"amount":[98],"available":[101],"analysis.":[103],"To":[104],"understand":[105],"how":[106,149],"different":[107],"surface":[108,151,217],"types":[109,152],"saturation,":[115],"we":[116],"analyzed":[117],"per-band":[120],"PQ":[122,233],"flags":[123,234],"31":[125],"years":[126],"Landsat":[128],"within":[130],"Digital":[131],"Earth":[132],"Australia.":[133],"Areas":[134],"showing":[135],"reduction":[137],"density":[140,157],"compared":[141],"their":[143],"surroundings":[144],"were":[145],"investigated":[146],"characterize":[148],"specific":[150,198],"temporal":[156],"deemed":[160],"desirable.":[161],"Using":[162],"Fmask":[163],"3.2":[164],"way":[166],"example,":[168],"our":[169,226],"approach":[170],"demonstrates":[171],"method":[173],"that":[174,190],"be":[176],"applied":[177],"summarize":[179],"characteristics":[181,199],"cloud-screening":[183],"algorithms":[184],"saturation.":[187],"Results":[188],"indicate":[189],"rates":[196],"show":[197],"depending":[200],"targets":[203],"under":[204],"observation.":[205],"potentially":[207],"leads":[208],"imbalance":[211],"availability":[214],"driven":[215],"type":[218],"given":[221],"study":[222],"area.":[223],"Based":[224],"findings,":[227],"level":[229],"detail":[231],"ARD":[237],"pivotal":[239],"maximizing":[241],"potential":[243],"EO":[245],"data.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}