{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890031285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091492","title":"The Potential of Spectral Indices in Detecting Various Stages of Afforestation over the Loess Plateau Region of China","display_name":"The Potential of Spectral Indices in Detecting Various Stages of Afforestation over the Loess Plateau Region of China","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890031285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091492","mag":"2890031285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10091492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/9/1492/pdf?version=1537341789","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/9/1492/pdf?version=1537341789","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765886","display_name":"Jing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1962-6559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059264917","display_name":"Peng Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-3765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059264917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":0.1706,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57279353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"9","first_page":"1492","last_page":"1492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afforestation","display_name":"Afforestation","score":0.9527337551116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loess-plateau","display_name":"Loess plateau","score":0.7163949608802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-mapper","display_name":"Thematic Mapper","score":0.6655564308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6386059522628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.45792919397354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loess","display_name":"Loess","score":0.42962589859962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3705785870552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.350772500038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"Agroforestry","score":0.23827624320983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.23775839805603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21656084060668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20236808061599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.1029289960861206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56095865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384419","display_name":"Afforestation","level":2,"score":0.9527337551116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993008072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q293730","display_name":"Loess plateau","level":2,"score":0.7163949608802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775938548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1565182","display_name":"Thematic Mapper","level":3,"score":0.6655564308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6386059522628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.45792919397354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185515318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22723","display_name":"Loess","level":2,"score":0.42962589859962463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3705785870552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.350772500038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.23827624320983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.23775839805603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21656084060668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20236808061599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.1029289960861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10091492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/9/1492/pdf?version=1537341789","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d91e78f8712945c7b4e8e6d400f9b6db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d91e78f8712945c7b4e8e6d400f9b6db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 9, p 1492 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/9/1492/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 9; Pages: 1492","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10091492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091492","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/9/1492/pdf?version=1537341789","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890031285.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890031285.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639537632","https://openalex.org/W1833119857","https://openalex.org/W1956607329","https://openalex.org/W1966205172","https://openalex.org/W1974182496","https://openalex.org/W1974776350","https://openalex.org/W1979210946","https://openalex.org/W1981095698","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W1987064663","https://openalex.org/W1990335346","https://openalex.org/W1998081962","https://openalex.org/W1999635212","https://openalex.org/W2001510610","https://openalex.org/W2020454225","https://openalex.org/W2079151287","https://openalex.org/W2080048446","https://openalex.org/W2082834424","https://openalex.org/W2083577712","https://openalex.org/W2088041400","https://openalex.org/W2106584184","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2124017200","https://openalex.org/W2134099776","https://openalex.org/W2137341666","https://openalex.org/W2138072059","https://openalex.org/W2162416391","https://openalex.org/W2171979590","https://openalex.org/W2190175919","https://openalex.org/W2215770970","https://openalex.org/W2300415889","https://openalex.org/W2346456240","https://openalex.org/W2415430125","https://openalex.org/W2463869442","https://openalex.org/W2581644994","https://openalex.org/W2592532736","https://openalex.org/W2598828605","https://openalex.org/W6679917029","https://openalex.org/W6680323110","https://openalex.org/W6704752133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135847439","https://openalex.org/W2370595255","https://openalex.org/W3212676155","https://openalex.org/W2368141370","https://openalex.org/W2354012730","https://openalex.org/W2378859088","https://openalex.org/W2972561579","https://openalex.org/W2971489525","https://openalex.org/W3183277831","https://openalex.org/W4380368826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"China":[0],"has":[1,33],"the":[2,7,12,27,46,59,65,74,84,95,103,109,116,121,125,131,146,170,181,186,191,197,233],"greatest":[3],"afforestation":[4,63,75,88],"area":[5,76],"in":[6],"world,":[8],"mainly":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,57,79,97,134,148,165,205],"implementation":[13],"of":[14,29,48,62,87,102,115,169,173,238],"various":[15,171],"ecological":[16],"restoration":[17,31],"projects,":[18],"which":[19],"have":[20],"taken":[21],"place":[22],"over":[23,64],"several":[24],"decades.":[25],"However,":[26,158],"progress":[28],"these":[30,159,221],"projects":[32],"rarely":[34],"been":[35],"evaluated":[36],"through":[37],"sapling":[38,135,174,206,239],"growth":[39,98,175,207],"monitoring.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"research,":[43],"we":[44,70,82],"assessed":[45],"potential":[47],"eighteen":[49],"spectral":[50],"indices":[51,161,222],"derived":[52],"from":[53,77,124],"time-series":[54],"Landsat":[55,117],"data":[56,72],"characterize":[58],"different":[60],"stages":[61,172],"Loess":[66],"Plateau":[67],"region.":[68],"First,":[69],"obtained":[71],"for":[73,145,179],"1997":[78],"2010.":[80],"Then":[81],"estimated":[83],"average":[85,144],"year":[86],"that":[89,108],"could":[90],"be":[91,149],"uniquely":[92],"identified":[93],"and":[94,120,140,155,190,196,208,219,227,235],"sensitivity":[96],"exhibited":[99],"by":[100,153],"each":[101],"indices.":[104],"The":[105],"results":[106],"show":[107],"first":[110],"shortwave":[111],"infrared":[112],"band":[113],"(SWIR1)":[114],"Thematic":[118],"Mapper":[119],"Brightness":[122],"index":[123,188],"tasseled":[126],"cap":[127],"transformation":[128],"(TCB)":[129],"had":[130],"fastest":[132],"response":[133],"growth.":[136,240],"It":[137],"takes":[138],"4.2":[139],"4.3":[141],"years":[142,214],"on":[143,215,232],"saplings":[147],"detected":[150],"as":[151],"forest":[152,211],"SWIR1":[154,218],"TCB,":[156,220],"respectively.":[157],"two":[160],"saturate":[162,225],"too":[163],"soon":[164],"allow":[166],"better":[167,178],"distinction":[168],"but":[176],"are":[177],"monitoring":[180],"over-reporting":[182],"situation.":[183],"By":[184],"contrast,":[185],"disturbance":[187],"(DI),":[189],"normalized":[192,198],"burnt":[193,199],"ratio":[194,200],"(NBR)":[195],"2":[201],"(NBR2)":[202],"respond":[203],"slowly":[204],"can":[209,228],"detect":[210],"at":[212],"7.4":[213],"average.":[216],"Unlike":[217],"do":[223],"not":[224],"early":[226],"provide":[229],"more":[230],"detail":[231],"level":[234],"structural":[236],"condition":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}