{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886031712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081212","title":"Spatio-Temporal Super-Resolution Land Cover Mapping Based on Fuzzy C-Means Clustering","display_name":"Spatio-Temporal Super-Resolution Land Cover Mapping Based on Fuzzy C-Means Clustering","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886031712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081212","mag":"2886031712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10081212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081212","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/8/1212/pdf?version=1533204913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/8/1212/pdf?version=1533204913","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000364632","display_name":"Xiaohong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-7853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457293","display_name":"Zhong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-5923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012444471","display_name":"Feng Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-4897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369688","display_name":"Xiaodong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-8446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034678630","display_name":"Yihang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9446-5111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081645776","display_name":"Ming Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-6800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012444471"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.7152,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84289269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"1212","last_page":"1212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.797438383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5573201775550842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5528483390808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5485842227935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.5084832906723022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.45997169613838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4439064562320709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4285869598388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36336755752563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32922977209091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3058633506298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.25096333026885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19317960739135742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.797438383102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5573201775550842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5528483390808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5485842227935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5084832906723022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.45997169613838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4439064562320709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4285869598388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36336755752563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32922977209091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3058633506298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.25096333026885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19317960739135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10081212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081212","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/8/1212/pdf?version=1533204913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d3ac96f501e4c27a85b2f377c6e24f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d3ac96f501e4c27a85b2f377c6e24f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 8, p 1212 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/8/1212/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 8; Pages: 1212","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10081212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10081212","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/8/1212/pdf?version=1533204913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886031712.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886031712.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971060690","https://openalex.org/W1971369801","https://openalex.org/W1983720606","https://openalex.org/W1989282982","https://openalex.org/W2002087357","https://openalex.org/W2003921122","https://openalex.org/W2017393444","https://openalex.org/W2021048111","https://openalex.org/W2029251415","https://openalex.org/W2039799810","https://openalex.org/W2044451987","https://openalex.org/W2044558111","https://openalex.org/W2052391074","https://openalex.org/W2059063187","https://openalex.org/W2061980025","https://openalex.org/W2067042811","https://openalex.org/W2073626642","https://openalex.org/W2080965330","https://openalex.org/W2081346329","https://openalex.org/W2089925545","https://openalex.org/W2090193178","https://openalex.org/W2102621306","https://openalex.org/W2114668774","https://openalex.org/W2115963694","https://openalex.org/W2119019477","https://openalex.org/W2137714725","https://openalex.org/W2151747974","https://openalex.org/W2154019910","https://openalex.org/W2154257129","https://openalex.org/W2167903638","https://openalex.org/W2287310612","https://openalex.org/W2294233453","https://openalex.org/W2344641522","https://openalex.org/W2569903183","https://openalex.org/W2615806692","https://openalex.org/W2746661731","https://openalex.org/W2794022635","https://openalex.org/W2794385218","https://openalex.org/W2794521338","https://openalex.org/W2801776277","https://openalex.org/W6697255820","https://openalex.org/W6731870071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232403550","https://openalex.org/W623607250","https://openalex.org/W4245429118","https://openalex.org/W4205110281","https://openalex.org/W4212927854","https://openalex.org/W4211151614","https://openalex.org/W4244798043","https://openalex.org/W2615806692","https://openalex.org/W2080965330","https://openalex.org/W2547534968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Super-resolution":[0],"land":[1,12,33,116,123,183,191,213],"cover":[2,13,34,117,124,184,192,214],"mapping":[3],"(SRM)":[4],"is":[5,41,91,100,112,133],"a":[6,66,84],"method":[7,132,159,201,209],"that":[8,75,155],"aims":[9],"to":[10,203],"generate":[11],"maps":[14,215,234],"with":[15,93,102,195,216],"fine":[16,189,211,231],"spatial":[17,23,54,98,105,178,232],"resolutions":[18],"from":[19,138,186,235],"the":[20,31,45,51,77,94,97,103,109,115,121,129,139,151,156,162,170,174,177,187,196,206,221,226],"original":[21,171],"coarse":[22,236],"resolution":[24,190,212,233,237],"remotely":[25,238],"sensed":[26,239],"image.":[27],"The":[28,88,126],"accuracy":[29],"of":[30,47,53,128,150,164,225],"resultant":[32],"map":[35],"produced":[36,210],"by":[37,44,114,167,181],"existing":[38,188],"SRM":[39,72],"methods":[40],"often":[42],"limited":[43],"errors":[46,166],"fraction":[48,165],"images":[49,172],"and":[50,80,108,145,176,199,223],"uncertainty":[52,180],"pattern":[55,179],"models.":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58],"these":[59],"limitations":[60],"in":[61,120],"this":[62],"study,":[63],"we":[64],"proposed":[65,130,157,207],"fuzzy":[67],"c-means":[68],"clustering":[69],"(FCM)-based":[70],"spatio-temporal":[71],"(FCM_STSRM)":[73],"model":[74],"combines":[76],"spectral,":[78],"spatial,":[79],"temporal":[81,110],"information":[82,185],"into":[83],"single":[85],"objective":[86],"function.":[87],"spectral":[89],"term":[90,99,111],"constructed":[92,101],"FCM":[95],"criterion,":[96],"maximal":[104],"dependence":[106],"principle,":[107],"characterized":[113],"transition":[118],"probabilities":[119],"bitemporal":[122],"maps.":[125],"performance":[127],"FCM_STSRM":[131,158,208],"assessed":[134],"using":[135,169],"data":[136],"simulated":[137],"National":[140],"Land":[141],"Cover":[142],"Database":[143],"dataset":[144],"real":[146],"Landsat":[147],"images.":[148,240],"Results":[149],"two":[152],"experiments":[153],"show":[154],"can":[160],"decrease":[161],"influence":[163],"directly":[168],"as":[173],"input":[175],"inheriting":[182],"map.":[193],"Compared":[194],"hard":[197],"classification":[198],"FCM_SRM":[200],"applied":[202],"mono-temporal":[204],"images,":[205],"high":[217],"accuracy,":[218],"thus":[219],"showing":[220],"efficiency":[222],"potential":[224],"novel":[227],"approach":[228],"for":[229],"producing":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2018-08-22T00:00:00"}
