{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884635650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071130","title":"Automatic Raft Labeling for Remote Sensing Images via Dual-Scale Homogeneous Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Automatic Raft Labeling for Remote Sensing Images via Dual-Scale Homogeneous Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884635650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071130","mag":"2884635650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10071130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1130/pdf?version=1533104654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1130/pdf?version=1533104654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042295331","display_name":"Tianyang Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103190126","display_name":"Qizhi Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qizhi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Media, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088611151","display_name":"Zhengxia Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-552X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxia Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058849690","display_name":"Zhenwei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Center, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058849690","https://openalex.org/A5088611151","https://openalex.org/A5103190126"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.8184,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89586949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"1130","last_page":"1130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8050122857093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7285895347595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raft","display_name":"Raft","score":0.7197927236557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.5024514198303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47273460030555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4563560485839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4320821166038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-network","display_name":"Drainage network","score":0.4134013056755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3736588656902313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3638303279876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10466712713241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.06378173828125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8050122857093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7285895347595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9132879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17100313","display_name":"Raft","level":4,"score":0.7197927236557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.5024514198303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47273460030555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4563560485839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4320821166038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984342911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5305558","display_name":"Drainage network","level":3,"score":0.4134013056755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3736588656902313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3638303279876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10466712713241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.06378173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126645576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166620","display_name":"Drainage basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10071130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1130/pdf?version=1533104654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67e4a999f5aa431d80c6c91f68ef7dd2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67e4a999f5aa431d80c6c91f68ef7dd2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 7, p 1130 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/7/1130/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10071130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 7; Pages: 1130","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10071130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1130/pdf?version=1533104654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7476390494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC1405600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8509396969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6167103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8912935111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321125","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884635650.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884635650.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1572063013","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2012660524","https://openalex.org/W2058891717","https://openalex.org/W2134120396","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2291068538","https://openalex.org/W2337897552","https://openalex.org/W2353358277","https://openalex.org/W2442495293","https://openalex.org/W2490270993","https://openalex.org/W2510975534","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2560520217","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2580887345","https://openalex.org/W2593886839","https://openalex.org/W2598666589","https://openalex.org/W2603566245","https://openalex.org/W2612676323","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2744690378","https://openalex.org/W2749439257","https://openalex.org/W2754586266","https://openalex.org/W2764012408","https://openalex.org/W2769613401","https://openalex.org/W2770131355","https://openalex.org/W2770315464","https://openalex.org/W2801165650","https://openalex.org/W2802876668","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W3099831940","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4252713891","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6803376173","https://openalex.org/W6966489097","https://openalex.org/W7020935543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W2894289927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Raft-culture":[0],"is":[1,18,76],"a":[2,70,92,113,133,137,141],"way":[3,21],"of":[4,81,128],"utilizing":[5],"water":[6],"for":[7,101],"farming":[8],"aquatic":[9],"product.":[10],"Automatic":[11],"raft-culture":[12],"monitoring":[13],"by":[14],"remote":[15],"sensing":[16],"technique":[17],"an":[19,34],"important":[20],"to":[22,60,85,96,124],"control":[23],"the":[24,62,109,126],"crop\u2019s":[25],"growth":[26],"and":[27,51,65,83,105,140],"implement":[28],"effective":[29],"management.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"presents":[33],"automatic":[35],"pixel-wise":[36],"raft":[37,106],"labeling":[38,107,144],"method":[39,58],"based":[40],"on":[41],"fully":[42],"convolutional":[43,72],"network":[44,74],"(FCN).":[45],"As":[46],"rafts":[47],"are":[48],"always":[49],"tiny":[50],"neatly":[52],"arranged":[53],"in":[54,112],"images,":[55],"traditional":[56],"FCN":[57],"fails":[59],"extract":[61],"clear":[63],"boundary":[64],"other":[66],"detailed":[67],"information.":[68],"Therefore,":[69],"homogeneous":[71],"neural":[73],"(HCN)":[75],"designed,":[77],"which":[78],"only":[79],"consists":[80],"convolutions":[82],"activations":[84],"retain":[86],"all":[87],"details.":[88],"We":[89],"further":[90],"design":[91],"dual-scale":[93],"structure":[94],"(DS-HCN)":[95],"integrate":[97],"higher-level":[98],"contextual":[99],"information":[100],"accomplishing":[102],"sea\u2013land":[103],"segmentation":[104],"at":[108],"same":[110],"time":[111],"uniform":[114],"framework.":[115],"A":[116],"dataset":[117],"with":[118,136],"Gaofen-1":[119],"satellite":[120],"images":[121],"was":[122],"collected":[123],"verify":[125],"effectiveness":[127],"our":[129],"method.":[130],"DS-HCN":[131],"shows":[132],"satisfactory":[134],"performance":[135],"better":[138],"interpretability":[139],"more":[142],"accurate":[143],"result.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}