{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884980859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071122","title":"The Passive Microwave Neural Network Precipitation Retrieval (PNPR) Algorithm for the CONICAL Scanning Global Microwave Imager (GMI) Radiometer","display_name":"The Passive Microwave Neural Network Precipitation Retrieval (PNPR) Algorithm for the CONICAL Scanning Global Microwave Imager (GMI) Radiometer","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884980859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071122","mag":"2884980859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10071122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071122","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1122/pdf?version=1531726813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1122/pdf?version=1531726813","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085168250","display_name":"Paolo San\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-1043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096500","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8ttd98","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paolo San\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-1043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056005227","display_name":"Giulia Panegrossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5170-7087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096500","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8ttd98","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Panegrossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5170-7087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053117561","display_name":"Daniele Casella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7203-4232"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Casella","raw_affiliation_strings":["SERCO SpA, 00044 Frascati, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SERCO SpA, 00044 Frascati, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090392128","display_name":"Anna Cinzia Marra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3326-6599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096500","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8ttd98","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna C. Marra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003069267","display_name":"Leo Pio D\u2019Adderio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4541-8374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096500","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8ttd98","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo P. D\u2019Adderio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076014612","display_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Rysman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-3920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096500","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8ttd98","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean F. Rysman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002687796","display_name":"Stefano Dietrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-365X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096500","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8ttd98","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Dietrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-365X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085168250"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":1.7567,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83015682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"1122","last_page":"1122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-precipitation-measurement","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","score":0.7107851505279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5850374698638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5778048038482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5659902095794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.535979688167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5298088788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.5193287134170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49873852729797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4645860493183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45401185750961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.42530685663223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4144507050514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20867422223091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18382790684700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14792385697364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13049736618995667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29278236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3108963","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","level":3,"score":0.7107851505279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5850374698638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5778048038482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5659902095794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.535979688167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5298088788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.5193287134170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49873852729797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4645860493183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45401185750961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.42530685663223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4144507050514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20867422223091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18382790684700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14792385697364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13049736618995667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10071122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071122","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1122/pdf?version=1531726813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ba2e187106e46ecb0d4706f7ffc0c38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ba2e187106e46ecb0d4706f7ffc0c38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 7, p 1122 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/7/1122/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10071122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 7; Pages: 1122","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10071122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071122","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1122/pdf?version=1531726813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8740207962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CDOP-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326483","funder_display_name":"European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313804","display_name":"Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri","ror":"https://ror.org/050xp5d36"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326483","display_name":"European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884980859.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884980859.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535027274","https://openalex.org/W1968126948","https://openalex.org/W1969321726","https://openalex.org/W1970538633","https://openalex.org/W1975786666","https://openalex.org/W1982290174","https://openalex.org/W1982915368","https://openalex.org/W1983441418","https://openalex.org/W1988572140","https://openalex.org/W1988621990","https://openalex.org/W1991325001","https://openalex.org/W1994519509","https://openalex.org/W1995718648","https://openalex.org/W2001052282","https://openalex.org/W2001233509","https://openalex.org/W2005256561","https://openalex.org/W2006682547","https://openalex.org/W2008050188","https://openalex.org/W2022593218","https://openalex.org/W2025284967","https://openalex.org/W2025881836","https://openalex.org/W2032164318","https://openalex.org/W2040981682","https://openalex.org/W2049868698","https://openalex.org/W2058841384","https://openalex.org/W2059710402","https://openalex.org/W2059931659","https://openalex.org/W2062384010","https://openalex.org/W2062966812","https://openalex.org/W2063854460","https://openalex.org/W2065248458","https://openalex.org/W2067883625","https://openalex.org/W2069298012","https://openalex.org/W2069991469","https://openalex.org/W2073298425","https://openalex.org/W2073606874","https://openalex.org/W2075022329","https://openalex.org/W2076634228","https://openalex.org/W2087494094","https://openalex.org/W2098069153","https://openalex.org/W2104799995","https://openalex.org/W2107375797","https://openalex.org/W2110814095","https://openalex.org/W2110840032","https://openalex.org/W2112897370","https://openalex.org/W2117070774","https://openalex.org/W2118291754","https://openalex.org/W2119803205","https://openalex.org/W2124494945","https://openalex.org/W2131223878","https://openalex.org/W2145014275","https://openalex.org/W2153615724","https://openalex.org/W2179040032","https://openalex.org/W2188975833","https://openalex.org/W2317134229","https://openalex.org/W2346071280","https://openalex.org/W2400017430","https://openalex.org/W2413554747","https://openalex.org/W2441344980","https://openalex.org/W2476821177","https://openalex.org/W2512425440","https://openalex.org/W2560821854","https://openalex.org/W2631656067","https://openalex.org/W2730782878","https://openalex.org/W2774528912","https://openalex.org/W2791633705","https://openalex.org/W2791709296","https://openalex.org/W2885989113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W819452542","https://openalex.org/W1567708575","https://openalex.org/W4321016390","https://openalex.org/W2097128340","https://openalex.org/W2138007775","https://openalex.org/W2079569137","https://openalex.org/W2188112161","https://openalex.org/W2047009518","https://openalex.org/W2771472586","https://openalex.org/W4321501105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,122,201,225,251],"new":[4,43],"rainfall":[5,56,93,151,165,227,248],"rate":[6,94],"retrieval":[7,228,249],"algorithm,":[8,229],"developed":[9],"within":[10],"the":[11,18,32,50,89,104,110,116,168,172,180,186,215,234,257],"EUMETSAT":[12],"H":[13],"SAF":[14],"program,":[15],"based":[16,48],"on":[17,49,73],"Passive":[19],"microwave":[20],"Neural":[21],"network":[22],"Precipitation":[23,36],"Retrieval":[24],"approach":[25],"(PNPR":[26],"v3),":[27],"designed":[28],"to":[29,102,163,231,238],"work":[30],"with":[31,208,214],"conically":[33],"scanning":[34],"Global":[35],"Measurement":[37],"(GPM)":[38],"Microwave":[39],"Imager":[40],"(GMI).":[41],"A":[42],"rain/no-rain":[44],"classification":[45],"scheme,":[46],"also":[47,67,198],"NN":[51],"approach,":[52],"which":[53],"provides":[54],"different":[55,59,239],"masks":[57],"for":[58,150,161,260],"minimum":[60],"thresholds":[61],"and":[62,86,146,158,182,200,213,242],"degree":[63],"of":[64,106,115,171,179,185,204],"reliability,":[65],"is":[66,71,96,119,220,224],"described.":[68],"The":[69,125],"algorithm":[70],"trained":[72],"an":[74,112],"extremely":[75],"large":[76],"observational":[77,117],"database,":[78],"built":[79],"from":[80],"GPM":[81],"global":[82,226,247],"observations":[83,212],"between":[84],"2014":[85],"2016,":[87],"where":[88],"NASA":[90],"2B-CMB":[91],"(V04)":[92],"product":[95,258],"used":[97,120],"as":[98,176,178],"reference.":[99],"In":[100],"order":[101],"assess":[103],"performance":[105],"PNPR":[107,205,222],"v3":[108,206,223],"over":[109,129,195],"globe,":[111],"independent":[113],"part":[114],"database":[118],"in":[121,250],"verification":[123],"study.":[124],"good":[126,169,202],"results":[127],"found":[128],"all":[130],"surface":[131,240],"types":[132,241],"(CC":[133],">":[134],"0.90,":[135],"ME":[136],"<":[137,142,148],"\u22120.22":[138],"mm":[139,144,156],"h\u22121,":[140],"RMSE":[141],"2.75":[143],"h\u22121":[145,157],"FSE%":[147],"100%":[149],"rates":[152],"lower":[153],"than":[154],"1":[155],"around":[159],"30\u201350%":[160],"moderate":[162],"high":[164],"rates),":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"outcome":[170],"input":[173],"selection":[174],"procedure,":[175],"well":[177],"training":[181],"design":[183],"phase":[184],"neural":[187],"network.":[188],"For":[189],"further":[190],"verification,":[191],"two":[192],"case":[193],"studies":[194],"Italy":[196],"are":[197],"analysed":[199],"consistency":[203],"retrievals":[207],"simultaneous":[209],"ground":[210],"radar":[211],"GMI":[216,235],"GPROF":[217],"V05":[218],"estimates":[219],"found.":[221],"able":[230],"optimally":[232],"exploit":[233],"multi-channel":[236],"response":[237],"precipitation":[243],"structures,":[244],"that":[245],"provide":[246],"computationally":[252],"very":[253],"efficient":[254],"way,":[255],"making":[256],"suitable":[259],"near-real":[261],"time":[262],"operational":[263],"applications.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-19T15:00:24.278416","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}