{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2878970138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071111","title":"Tree Species Classification of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Karkonoski National Park (Poland) Using Artificial Neural Networks and APEX Hyperspectral Images","display_name":"Tree Species Classification of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Karkonoski National Park (Poland) Using Artificial Neural Networks and APEX Hyperspectral Images","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2878970138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071111","mag":"2878970138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10071111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1111/pdf?version=1531383462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1111/pdf?version=1531383462","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011835601","display_name":"Edwin Raczko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-9955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Raczko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Remote Sensing, University of Warsaw (UW), ul. Krakowskie Przedmie\u015bcie 30, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Remote Sensing, University of Warsaw (UW), ul. Krakowskie Przedmie\u015bcie 30, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042761248","display_name":"Bogdan Zagajewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7882-5318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Zagajewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Remote Sensing, University of Warsaw (UW), ul. Krakowskie Przedmie\u015bcie 30, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Remote Sensing, University of Warsaw (UW), ul. Krakowskie Przedmie\u015bcie 30, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011835601"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.9562,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8599629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"1111","last_page":"1111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beech","display_name":"Beech","score":0.6576820611953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6400071978569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forestry","display_name":"Forestry","score":0.5166073441505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49103522300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fagus-sylvatica","display_name":"Fagus sylvatica","score":0.4531356692314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betula-pendula","display_name":"Betula pendula","score":0.4415874183177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.436867892742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.43278759717941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-park","display_name":"National park","score":0.41164132952690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3816583752632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.20259982347488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.19262757897377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1921987235546112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.18114152550697327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776500793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25403","display_name":"Beech","level":2,"score":0.6576820611953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6400071978569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.5166073441505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49103522300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780144066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146149","display_name":"Fagus sylvatica","level":3,"score":0.4531356692314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993942001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156895","display_name":"Betula pendula","level":2,"score":0.4415874183177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.436867892742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.43278759717941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.41164132952690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3816583752632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20259982347488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19262757897377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1921987235546112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.18114152550697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10071111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1111/pdf?version=1531383462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d708969d1c0047439eab09385b9941ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d708969d1c0047439eab09385b9941ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 7, p 1111 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/7/1111/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10071111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10071111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/7/1111/pdf?version=1531383462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1487654098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Diamond Grant Programme, No. 192600-501-59-239","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322733","funder_display_name":"Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2798107379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345895242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3477743816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-RISE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3878940427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MSCA-RISE-2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4766962268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016: innoVation in geOspatiaL and 3D daTA (VOLTA), Ref. GA No. 734687","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","funder_display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5859239756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MSCA-RISE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7517184171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-RISE-201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322733","display_name":"Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwvd537"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323873","display_name":"Uniwersytet Warszawski","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2878970138.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2878970138.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W342486077","https://openalex.org/W1488309124","https://openalex.org/W1513618424","https://openalex.org/W1970535395","https://openalex.org/W1971838942","https://openalex.org/W1987128286","https://openalex.org/W1988166302","https://openalex.org/W1994668970","https://openalex.org/W1995357577","https://openalex.org/W2036003376","https://openalex.org/W2039067795","https://openalex.org/W2040642583","https://openalex.org/W2044190035","https://openalex.org/W2045479037","https://openalex.org/W2047528185","https://openalex.org/W2054704343","https://openalex.org/W2055702517","https://openalex.org/W2059217921","https://openalex.org/W2079454091","https://openalex.org/W2085880802","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2096599785","https://openalex.org/W2107919956","https://openalex.org/W2110298216","https://openalex.org/W2125724410","https://openalex.org/W2128768787","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2279188631","https://openalex.org/W2280205526","https://openalex.org/W2338166887","https://openalex.org/W2338779464","https://openalex.org/W2339708564","https://openalex.org/W2341733731","https://openalex.org/W2405365025","https://openalex.org/W2417835980","https://openalex.org/W2515306179","https://openalex.org/W2548054578","https://openalex.org/W2560643778","https://openalex.org/W2566956493","https://openalex.org/W2588393519","https://openalex.org/W2592612774","https://openalex.org/W2604870469","https://openalex.org/W2606116651","https://openalex.org/W2641842219","https://openalex.org/W2772452219","https://openalex.org/W2774694695","https://openalex.org/W2774789623","https://openalex.org/W2796189661","https://openalex.org/W3164187503","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6647412382","https://openalex.org/W6660269513","https://openalex.org/W6703839892","https://openalex.org/W6704058283","https://openalex.org/W6704233014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251521063","https://openalex.org/W2414022095","https://openalex.org/W4406804391","https://openalex.org/W2155838196","https://openalex.org/W2046792826","https://openalex.org/W2046610420","https://openalex.org/W2071880458","https://openalex.org/W4389177551","https://openalex.org/W3087222845","https://openalex.org/W2975652934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"of":[1,18,36,87,156,172,179,205,234],"tree":[2,11,37,98,165,242],"species":[3,12,38,99,166,243],"composition":[4],"is":[5,47],"obligatory":[6],"in":[7,49,69,84,245],"forest":[8,20],"management.":[9],"Accurate":[10],"maps":[13,167],"allow":[14],"for":[15,97,188,231,240],"detailed":[16],"analysis":[17],"a":[19,95,132,139,174,238],"ecosystem":[21],"and":[22,52,66,116,147,199,208,219,223],"its":[23],"interactions":[24],"with":[25,131,183,201],"the":[26,54,70,85,143,148,169,215,232],"environment.":[27],"The":[28,44,122,163,193,211,226],"research":[29,45],"presented":[30],"here":[31],"focused":[32],"on":[33],"developing":[34],"methods":[35],"identification":[39],"using":[40],"aerial":[41],"hyperspectral":[42,79,235],"data.":[43],"area":[46,171],"located":[48],"Southwestern":[50],"Poland":[51],"covers":[53],"Karkonoski":[55],"National":[56],"Park":[57],"(KNP),":[58],"which":[59],"was":[60,126,161,181],"significantly":[61],"damaged":[62],"by":[63],"acid":[64],"rain":[65],"pest":[67],"infestation":[68],"1980s.":[71],"High-resolution":[72],"(3.35":[73],"m)":[74],"Airborne":[75],"Prism":[76],"Experiment":[77],"(APEX)":[78],"images":[80],"(288":[81],"spectral":[82],"bands":[83],"range":[86],"413":[88],"to":[89],"2440":[90],"nm)":[91],"were":[92,120,196],"used":[93,125,142],"as":[94,237],"basis":[96],"classification.":[100],"Beech":[101],"(Fagus":[102],"sylvatica),":[103],"birch":[104],"(Betula":[105],"pendula),":[106],"alder":[107],"(Alnus":[108],"incana),":[109],"larch":[110],"(Larix":[111],"decidua),":[112],"pine":[113,212],"(Pinus":[114],"sylvestris),":[115],"spruce":[117],"(Picea":[118],"abies)":[119],"classified.":[121],"classification":[123],"algorithm":[124],"feed-forward":[127],"multilayered":[128],"perceptron":[129],"(MLP)":[130],"single":[133],"hidden":[134],"layer.":[135],"To":[136,151],"simulate":[137],"such":[138],"network,":[140],"we":[141],"R":[144],"programming":[145],"environment":[146],"nnet":[149],"package.":[150],"provide":[152],"more":[153],"accurate":[154],"measurement":[155],"accuracy,":[157],"iterative":[158],"accuracy":[159,177,186,204],"assessment":[160],"performed.":[162],"final":[164],"cover":[168],"whole":[170],"KNP;":[173],"median":[175,184,202,217],"overall":[176],"(OA)":[178],"87%":[180],"achieved,":[182],"producer":[185,203,218],"(PA)":[187],"all":[189],"classes":[190,195],"exceeding":[191],"68%.":[192],"best-classified":[194],"spruce,":[197],"beech,":[198],"birch,":[200],"93%,":[206],"88%":[207],"83%,":[209],"respectively.":[210],"class":[213],"achieved":[214],"lowest":[216],"user":[220],"accuracies":[221],"(68%":[222],"75%,":[224],"respectively).":[225],"results":[227],"show":[228],"great":[229],"potential":[230],"use":[233],"data":[236],"tool":[239],"identifying":[241],"locations":[244],"diverse":[246],"mountainous":[247],"forest.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
