{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805230314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060897","title":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Vigour Index: A New Remote Sensing Approach to Biodiversity Monitoring in Oil Polluted Regions","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Vigour Index: A New Remote Sensing Approach to Biodiversity Monitoring in Oil Polluted Regions","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805230314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060897","mag":"2805230314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10060897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/897/pdf?version=1528370097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/897/pdf?version=1528370097","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036978307","display_name":"Nkeiruka N. Onyia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9929-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nkeiruka Nneti Onyia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9929-3266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018226678","display_name":"Heiko Balzter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-4684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128104","display_name":"National Centre for Earth Observation","ror":"https://ror.org/0375jbm11","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiko Balzter","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-4684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349","https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088847855","display_name":"Juan Carlos Berr\u00edo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9198-9277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan-Carlos Berrio","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9198-9277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036978307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2784},"fwci":2.3855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88195056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"897","last_page":"897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9700999855995178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity","display_name":"Biodiversity","score":0.8270023465156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6517114639282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.6072140336036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-index","display_name":"Diversity index","score":0.4610087275505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abundance","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","score":0.4541569948196411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.4506084620952606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.44403311610221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.39441847801208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.3210896849632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.29162153601646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-richness","display_name":"Species richness","score":0.23340624570846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.17248141765594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10742944478988647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.8270023465156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6517114639282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.6072140336036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30968088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230601","display_name":"Diversity index","level":3,"score":0.4610087275505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77077793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4541569948196411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.4506084620952606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.44403311610221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39441847801208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3210896849632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.29162153601646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53565203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146659","display_name":"Species richness","level":2,"score":0.23340624570846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.17248141765594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10742944478988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10060897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/897/pdf?version=1528370097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a76a1f4955a49e7bbc4789ad0143924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a76a1f4955a49e7bbc4789ad0143924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 897 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/10232372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Normalized_Difference_Vegetation_Vigour_Index_A_New_Remote_Sensing_Approach_to_Biodiversity_Monitoring_in_Oil_Polluted_Regions/10232372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lra.le.ac.uk:2381/42459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402365","display_name":"Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","host_organization_name":"University of Leicester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/6/897/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10060897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10060897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/897/pdf?version=1528370097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2584006579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/R000115/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G383674376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DC0255553","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325463","funder_display_name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4061351200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4076460521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5072611438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/R016518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7238408947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/R000115/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685872390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/R016518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","display_name":"Sight Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2py885"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325463","display_name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":164,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481720155","https://openalex.org/W1485059048","https://openalex.org/W1515353041","https://openalex.org/W1525075957","https://openalex.org/W1554230853","https://openalex.org/W1572601046","https://openalex.org/W1776165682","https://openalex.org/W1955557172","https://openalex.org/W1964784020","https://openalex.org/W1965431014","https://openalex.org/W1967901188","https://openalex.org/W1968393509","https://openalex.org/W1974344251","https://openalex.org/W1975919086","https://openalex.org/W1977200897","https://openalex.org/W1977345771","https://openalex.org/W1977391888","https://openalex.org/W1977702346","https://openalex.org/W1983556316","https://openalex.org/W1984207302","https://openalex.org/W1989691193","https://openalex.org/W1990370234","https://openalex.org/W1995714011","https://openalex.org/W1998723616","https://openalex.org/W1998955499","https://openalex.org/W1999277453","https://openalex.org/W1999312795","https://openalex.org/W1999856162","https://openalex.org/W1999952670","https://openalex.org/W2002615685","https://openalex.org/W2003363186","https://openalex.org/W2004546449","https://openalex.org/W2005284849","https://openalex.org/W2006330113","https://openalex.org/W2007491909","https://openalex.org/W2008852828","https://openalex.org/W2010987824","https://openalex.org/W2013466931","https://openalex.org/W2014376670","https://openalex.org/W2017362849","https://openalex.org/W2020708554","https://openalex.org/W2024039740","https://openalex.org/W2029332336","https://openalex.org/W2030106896","https://openalex.org/W2030937930","https://openalex.org/W2031126473","https://openalex.org/W2036003376","https://openalex.org/W2036238025","https://openalex.org/W2039060633","https://openalex.org/W2039201841","https://openalex.org/W2044718416","https://openalex.org/W2045558833","https://openalex.org/W2045947001","https://openalex.org/W2046404820","https://openalex.org/W2049227061","https://openalex.org/W2057868662","https://openalex.org/W2057985612","https://openalex.org/W2061469986","https://openalex.org/W2061920292","https://openalex.org/W2062128024","https://openalex.org/W2062595201","https://openalex.org/W2064682742","https://openalex.org/W2066622542","https://openalex.org/W2066724429","https://openalex.org/W2068431757","https://openalex.org/W2068801378","https://openalex.org/W2069103934","https://openalex.org/W2070503188","https://openalex.org/W2071043271","https://openalex.org/W2072815192","https://openalex.org/W2073555669","https://openalex.org/W2080333585","https://openalex.org/W2080868907","https://openalex.org/W2083349953","https://openalex.org/W2085183472","https://openalex.org/W2086296514","https://openalex.org/W2089516554","https://openalex.org/W2089690849","https://openalex.org/W2090349292","https://openalex.org/W2090624115","https://openalex.org/W2090973215","https://openalex.org/W2091493105","https://openalex.org/W2092689142","https://openalex.org/W2093420825","https://openalex.org/W2094340914","https://openalex.org/W2094735994","https://openalex.org/W2097662881","https://openalex.org/W2097693102","https://openalex.org/W2098012392","https://openalex.org/W2098108008","https://openalex.org/W2100223768","https://openalex.org/W2100337723","https://openalex.org/W2101831548","https://openalex.org/W2102843713","https://openalex.org/W2103317434","https://openalex.org/W2104767862","https://openalex.org/W2105765261","https://openalex.org/W2108244598","https://openalex.org/W2109785413","https://openalex.org/W2110715741","https://openalex.org/W2110785335","https://openalex.org/W2110845589","https://openalex.org/W2111537201","https://openalex.org/W2113079967","https://openalex.org/W2117320321","https://openalex.org/W2117329279","https://openalex.org/W2123039258","https://openalex.org/W2124706543","https://openalex.org/W2127461325","https://openalex.org/W2128199995","https://openalex.org/W2129804846","https://openalex.org/W2131795023","https://openalex.org/W2134678319","https://openalex.org/W2136625467","https://openalex.org/W2143254455","https://openalex.org/W2146048647","https://openalex.org/W2147372455","https://openalex.org/W2147898038","https://openalex.org/W2151880387","https://openalex.org/W2153120252","https://openalex.org/W2158829538","https://openalex.org/W2159961845","https://openalex.org/W2162602285","https://openalex.org/W2163337568","https://openalex.org/W2164790386","https://openalex.org/W2167799103","https://openalex.org/W2168035738","https://openalex.org/W2168839666","https://openalex.org/W2169286869","https://openalex.org/W2169678197","https://openalex.org/W2171283381","https://openalex.org/W2189839600","https://openalex.org/W2194958479","https://openalex.org/W2248139498","https://openalex.org/W2319013687","https://openalex.org/W2324167749","https://openalex.org/W2334088611","https://openalex.org/W2400016920","https://openalex.org/W2489263401","https://openalex.org/W2504055594","https://openalex.org/W2538258542","https://openalex.org/W2547779909","https://openalex.org/W2547901857","https://openalex.org/W2568018725","https://openalex.org/W2573542790","https://openalex.org/W2605007229","https://openalex.org/W2611553682","https://openalex.org/W2617056706","https://openalex.org/W2781021616","https://openalex.org/W2805393642","https://openalex.org/W2883502900","https://openalex.org/W2988471827","https://openalex.org/W4239304042","https://openalex.org/W4248190725","https://openalex.org/W4251777330","https://openalex.org/W6637970529","https://openalex.org/W6649087404","https://openalex.org/W6667186117","https://openalex.org/W6673041226","https://openalex.org/W6678873136","https://openalex.org/W6681508120","https://openalex.org/W6681634457","https://openalex.org/W6684573440","https://openalex.org/W6724979422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291311298","https://openalex.org/W2378021067","https://openalex.org/W2347703439","https://openalex.org/W2371027582","https://openalex.org/W2076654158","https://openalex.org/W2362328851","https://openalex.org/W1911627342","https://openalex.org/W2985889486","https://openalex.org/W4401460852","https://openalex.org/W4386609420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biodiversity":[0,16],"loss":[1],"remains":[2],"a":[3,77,97,117,192,278],"global":[4],"challenge":[5],"despite":[6],"international":[7],"commitment":[8],"to":[9,37,55,115,156,173,194,207],"the":[10,47,51,67,82,101,142,178,185,230],"United":[11],"Nations":[12],"Convention":[13],"on":[14,90,132],"Biodiversity.":[15],"monitoring":[17,33,64,81,166,284],"methods":[18,34],"are":[19],"often":[20],"limited":[21],"in":[22,46,100,164,184,287],"their":[23],"geographical":[24],"coverage":[25],"or":[26,71],"thematic":[27],"content.":[28],"Furthermore,":[29],"remote":[30,110,280],"sensing-based":[31],"integrated":[32],"mostly":[35],"attempt":[36],"determine":[38],"species":[39,198,221,246],"diversity":[40,49,222,247,260],"from":[41,152,171,177],"habitat":[42],"heterogeneity":[43],"somewhat":[44],"reflected":[45],"spectral":[48,120],"of":[50,69,84,105,119,128,202,226,245],"image":[52],"used.":[53],"Up":[54],"date,":[56],"there":[57],"has":[58],"been":[59],"no":[60],"standardized":[61],"method":[62,79],"for":[63,80,122,140,161,258,265,271,283],"biodiversity":[65,91,123,165,285],"against":[66],"backdrop":[68],"ecosystem":[70],"environmental":[72,88],"pressures.":[73],"This":[74],"study":[75,99],"presents":[76,96],"new":[78],"impact":[83],"oil":[85],"pollution":[86],"an":[87],"pressure":[89],"at":[92],"regional":[93],"scale":[94],"and":[95,112,134,159,175,223,235,252,263,267,269],"case":[98],"Niger":[102],"delta":[103],"region":[104],"Nigeria.":[106],"It":[107],"integrates":[108],"satellite":[109],"sensing":[111,281],"field":[113],"data":[114],"develop":[116],"set":[118],"metrics":[121],"monitoring.":[124],"Using":[125],"vascular":[126,196,219],"plants":[127],"various":[129],"lifeforms":[130],"observed":[131],"polluted":[133],"unpolluted":[135],"(control)":[136],"locations,":[137],"as":[138,191],"surrogates":[139],"biodiversity,":[141],"normalized":[143],"difference":[144],"vegetation":[145,187,210,227,233],"vigour":[146,234],"index":[147,282],"(NDVVI)":[148],"variants":[149,204],"were":[150,205],"estimated":[151],"Hyperion":[153],"wavelengths":[154],"sensitive":[155],"petroleum":[157],"hydrocarbons":[158],"evaluated":[160],"potential":[162],"use":[163],"schemes.":[167],"The":[168,200,213],"NDVVI":[169,203,276],"ranges":[170],"0":[172],"1":[174],"stems":[176],"presupposition":[179],"that":[180,275],"increasing":[181],"chlorophyll":[182,231],"absorption":[183],"green":[186],"can":[188],"be":[189],"used":[190],"predictor":[193],"model":[195,239],"plant":[197,220],"diversity.":[199],"performances":[201],"compared":[206],"traditional":[208,249,291],"narrowband":[209],"indices":[211],"(NBVIs).":[212],"results":[214],"show":[215],"strong":[216],"links":[217],"between":[218],"primary":[224],"productivity":[225],"quantified":[228],"by":[229],"content,":[232],"abundance.":[236],"An":[237],"NDVVI-based":[238],"gave":[240],"much":[241],"more":[242],"accurate":[243],"predictions":[244],"than":[248,290],"NBVIs":[250],"(R-squared":[251],"prediction":[253],"square":[254],"error":[255],"(PSE)":[256],"respectively":[257],"Shannon\u2019s":[259],"=":[261],"0.54":[262],"0.69":[264],"NDVVIs":[266],"0.14":[268],"0.9":[270],"NBVIs).":[272],"We":[273],"conclude":[274],"is":[277],"superior":[279],"indicators":[286],"oil-polluted":[288],"areas":[289],"NBVIs.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}