{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804973916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060835","title":"Is Ocean Reflectance Acquired by Citizen Scientists Robust for Science Applications?","display_name":"Is Ocean Reflectance Acquired by Citizen Scientists Robust for Science Applications?","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804973916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060835","mag":"2804973916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10060835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/835/pdf?version=1527306691","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/835/pdf?version=1527306691","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101022639","display_name":"Yang Yuyan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuyan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051109795","display_name":"Laura Cowen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-1450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura L.E. Cowen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046365926","display_name":"Maycira Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1876-3351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maycira Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101022639"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.2035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8625687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"835","last_page":"835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12414","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Management","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7137364745140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.7081228494644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5859313011169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noon","display_name":"Noon","score":0.577339231967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-science","display_name":"Citizen science","score":0.489227294921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bay","display_name":"Bay","score":0.46775174140930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-color","display_name":"Ocean color","score":0.4329116642475128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3903321921825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.22774112224578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.2262672781944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16799089312553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1512756049633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.1507498025894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08038651943206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07826206088066101}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7137364745140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.7081228494644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5859313011169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58650310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168182","display_name":"Noon","level":2,"score":0.577339231967926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197352329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093434","display_name":"Citizen science","level":2,"score":0.489227294921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.46775174140930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776939893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7076134","display_name":"Ocean color","level":3,"score":0.4329116642475128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3903321921825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.22774112224578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.2262672781944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16799089312553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1512756049633026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.1507498025894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08038651943206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07826206088066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10060835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/835/pdf?version=1527306691","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:45855dacd2b548af8a0f5164a461a830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/45855dacd2b548af8a0f5164a461a830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 835 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uvic.ca:1828/10237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1828/10237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401509","display_name":"UVic\u2019s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","host_organization_name":"University of Victoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/6/835/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10060835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10060835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/835/pdf?version=1527306691","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3149333200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N/A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313514","funder_display_name":"Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response Network"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313514","display_name":"Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response Network","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315156","display_name":"Parks Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/008sy4716"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329270","display_name":"Pacific Salmon Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04901nj56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804973916.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804973916.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31616175","https://openalex.org/W1532270673","https://openalex.org/W1777906110","https://openalex.org/W1965287008","https://openalex.org/W1973590465","https://openalex.org/W1974564524","https://openalex.org/W1975285091","https://openalex.org/W1976672539","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W1988071349","https://openalex.org/W1988886499","https://openalex.org/W1992054032","https://openalex.org/W1994744148","https://openalex.org/W1999614797","https://openalex.org/W1999781877","https://openalex.org/W2007101051","https://openalex.org/W2009130251","https://openalex.org/W2027294099","https://openalex.org/W2029219829","https://openalex.org/W2033634576","https://openalex.org/W2037069420","https://openalex.org/W2037990015","https://openalex.org/W2042185248","https://openalex.org/W2042890082","https://openalex.org/W2044227610","https://openalex.org/W2048822048","https://openalex.org/W2058064735","https://openalex.org/W2058939333","https://openalex.org/W2061268888","https://openalex.org/W2071067460","https://openalex.org/W2072723788","https://openalex.org/W2077358591","https://openalex.org/W2077824211","https://openalex.org/W2079493486","https://openalex.org/W2082714424","https://openalex.org/W2089043188","https://openalex.org/W2105663391","https://openalex.org/W2110490836","https://openalex.org/W2111337359","https://openalex.org/W2115545952","https://openalex.org/W2119754244","https://openalex.org/W2122225375","https://openalex.org/W2128805534","https://openalex.org/W2130890731","https://openalex.org/W2137100320","https://openalex.org/W2139896222","https://openalex.org/W2155595517","https://openalex.org/W2155821733","https://openalex.org/W2158228421","https://openalex.org/W2163474281","https://openalex.org/W2166156209","https://openalex.org/W2168131931","https://openalex.org/W2171364138","https://openalex.org/W2182992846","https://openalex.org/W2220244222","https://openalex.org/W2584912375","https://openalex.org/W2588571750","https://openalex.org/W2612465210","https://openalex.org/W2731125790","https://openalex.org/W2757909027","https://openalex.org/W2761012348","https://openalex.org/W2765969197","https://openalex.org/W2768379149","https://openalex.org/W2787184083","https://openalex.org/W3124107187","https://openalex.org/W3126480293","https://openalex.org/W4205618071","https://openalex.org/W6644380941","https://openalex.org/W6661181170","https://openalex.org/W6686075922","https://openalex.org/W6688667781","https://openalex.org/W6789602017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2240559228","https://openalex.org/W1998854056","https://openalex.org/W163493885","https://openalex.org/W4206505719","https://openalex.org/W2068109302","https://openalex.org/W2052614979","https://openalex.org/W788627627","https://openalex.org/W2755812209","https://openalex.org/W1584533863","https://openalex.org/W93324281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"the":[1,4,53,58,71,81,105,108,116,142,164],"dynamics":[2],"of":[3,6,66,107,118,146],"productivity":[5,38],"ocean":[7,33,41],"water":[8,62,100,109,130],"and":[9,24,75,121,138,173,190,197],"how":[10],"it":[11],"affects":[12],"fisheries":[13],"is":[14,44,77],"essential":[15],"for":[16,51,73,92],"management.":[17],"It":[18],"requires":[19],"data":[20,39,64,132,216],"on":[21],"proper":[22,48],"spatial":[23],"temporal":[25],"scales,":[26],"which":[27],"can":[28],"be":[29],"provided":[30],"by":[31,113,134,139,169],"operational":[32],"colour":[34,42],"satellites.":[35],"However,":[36],"accurate":[37,186],"from":[40,149],"imagery":[43],"only":[45],"possible":[46],"with":[47,80,115,175],"validation":[49,74],"of,":[50],"instance,":[52],"atmospheric":[54],"correction":[55],"applied":[56],"to":[57,70,98,151,161],"images.":[59],"In":[60,204],"situ":[61],"reflectance":[63,76,101,110,131],"are":[65],"great":[67],"value":[68],"due":[69],"requirements":[72],"traditionally":[78],"measured":[79],"Surface":[82],"Acquisition":[83],"System":[84],"(SAS)":[85],"solar":[86,136,171],"tracker":[87,137,172],"system.":[88],"Recently,":[89],"an":[90],"application":[91],"mobile":[93],"devices,":[94],"\u201cHydroColor\u201d,":[95],"was":[96],"developed":[97],"acquire":[99],"data.":[102],"We":[103,128],"examined":[104],"accuracy":[106],"measures":[111],"acquired":[112,133],"HydroColor":[114,140,174,183,215],"help":[117],"both":[119],"trained":[120,210],"untrained":[122],"citizens,":[123],"under":[124,200,218],"different":[125,201],"environmental":[126,202],"conditions.":[127,203],"used":[129,160],"SAS":[135,170],"onboard":[141],"BC":[143],"ferry":[144],"Queen":[145],"Oak":[147],"Bay":[148],"July":[150],"September":[152],"2016.":[153],"Monte":[154],"Carlo":[155],"permutation":[156],"F":[157],"tests":[158],"were":[159,177,185],"assess":[162],"whether":[163],"differences":[165],"between":[166],"measurements":[167,184],"collected":[168],"citizens":[176],"significant.":[178],"Results":[179],"showed":[180],"that":[181,208],"citizen":[182,211],"in":[187],"red,":[188],"green,":[189],"blue":[191],"bands,":[192],"as":[193,195],"well":[194],"red/green":[196],"red/blue":[198],"ratios":[199],"addition,":[205],"we":[206],"found":[207],"a":[209],"obtained":[212],"higher":[213],"quality":[214],"especially":[217],"clear":[219],"skies":[220],"at":[221],"noon.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
