{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803563329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060817","title":"Classification of Hyperspectral Images with Robust Regularized Block Low-Rank Discriminant Analysis","display_name":"Classification of Hyperspectral Images with Robust Regularized Block Low-Rank Discriminant Analysis","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803563329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060817","mag":"2803563329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10060817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/817/pdf?version=1527154118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/817/pdf?version=1527154118","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024073309","display_name":"Baokai Zu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-831X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baokai Zu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-831X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068081929","display_name":"Kewen Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3968-481X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kewen Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018619123","display_name":"Wei Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7289-5972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101731524","display_name":"Yafang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-7448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101638113","display_name":"Ahmad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-741X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-741X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101597483","display_name":"Sagnik Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-3457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184843921","display_name":"Hebei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018hded08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sagnik Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Post Doctoral Fellow, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post Doctoral Fellow, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068081929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184843921"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.0216,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8093626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"817","last_page":"817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9539999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.8347330093383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.8033071756362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.707438051700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6962308883666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.6292060613632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.59688800573349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5847793221473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.5270816683769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.46141183376312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.43160805106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42264705896377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.42174696922302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3663366436958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.08744955062866211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.8347330093383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8033071756362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.707438051700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6962308883666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6292060613632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.59688800573349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5847793221473694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.5270816683769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46141183376312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.43160805106163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42264705896377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.42174696922302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3663366436958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.08744955062866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10060817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/817/pdf?version=1527154118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:962934fc59084c63ab9233e478c3ebdb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/962934fc59084c63ab9233e478c3ebdb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 817 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/6/817/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10060817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10060817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060817","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/817/pdf?version=1527154118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3840030920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.E2016202341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803563329.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803563329.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79405465","https://openalex.org/W282757658","https://openalex.org/W1491300635","https://openalex.org/W1944540851","https://openalex.org/W1966184253","https://openalex.org/W1984232434","https://openalex.org/W1985152886","https://openalex.org/W1994040806","https://openalex.org/W1997201895","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2018482939","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2076280956","https://openalex.org/W2076786123","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2098057602","https://openalex.org/W2103972604","https://openalex.org/W2112732795","https://openalex.org/W2118120419","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2127495569","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2139823104","https://openalex.org/W2145962650","https://openalex.org/W2154952114","https://openalex.org/W2161815745","https://openalex.org/W2163584563","https://openalex.org/W2167556755","https://openalex.org/W2170938446","https://openalex.org/W2171566342","https://openalex.org/W2194818953","https://openalex.org/W2303627748","https://openalex.org/W2331181944","https://openalex.org/W2345059010","https://openalex.org/W2520219995","https://openalex.org/W2552367669","https://openalex.org/W2561231611","https://openalex.org/W2590353833","https://openalex.org/W2592380430","https://openalex.org/W2611715706","https://openalex.org/W2613095963","https://openalex.org/W2751435225","https://openalex.org/W2793868694","https://openalex.org/W2963630677","https://openalex.org/W4210301223","https://openalex.org/W4214564766","https://openalex.org/W4247811648","https://openalex.org/W6601580452","https://openalex.org/W6629856084","https://openalex.org/W6669876157","https://openalex.org/W6676771673","https://openalex.org/W6682494755","https://openalex.org/W6684206475","https://openalex.org/W6685634405"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350751952","https://openalex.org/W2362114017","https://openalex.org/W1999647744","https://openalex.org/W3147024994","https://openalex.org/W1978302214","https://openalex.org/W2374055396","https://openalex.org/W2063246903","https://openalex.org/W2021817983","https://openalex.org/W3021047493","https://openalex.org/W2371177901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classification":[0],"of":[1,35,101,131,162,169],"Hyperspectral":[2],"Images":[3],"(HSIs)":[4],"has":[5],"gained":[6],"attention":[7],"for":[8,63,117,127],"the":[9,18,28,51,86,96,102,107,114,123,128,134,141,150,157,163,167,187,214],"past":[10],"few":[11,91,222],"decades.":[12],"In":[13],"remote":[14],"sensing":[15],"image":[16,109],"classification,":[17],"labeled":[19,44,92,223],"samples":[20],"are":[21,31,41],"insufficient":[22],"or":[23],"hard":[24],"to":[25,84,122,139],"obtain;":[26],"however,":[27],"unlabeled":[29],"ones":[30],"frequently":[32],"rich":[33],"and":[34,79,112,149,155,159,166,194,203,208,210],"a":[36,60,77,191],"vast":[37],"number.":[38],"When":[39],"there":[40],"no":[42],"sufficient":[43],"samples,":[45,224],"overfitting":[46,52],"may":[47],"occur.":[48],"To":[49,94],"resolve":[50],"issue,":[53],"in":[54],"this":[55],"present":[56],"work,":[57],"we":[58,105],"proposed":[59,188],"novel":[61],"approach":[62],"HSI":[64],"feature":[65,81,173,196,215,231],"extraction,":[66],"called":[67],"robust":[68,78,193],"regularized":[69,129,170],"Block":[70],"Low-Rank":[71],"Discriminant":[72],"Analysis":[73],"(BLRDA),":[74],"which":[75,225],"is":[76,137,190],"efficient":[80,195],"extraction":[82,174,197,216,232],"method":[83,217],"improve":[85],"HSIs\u2019":[87],"classification":[88],"accuracy":[89],"with":[90,200,221],"samples.":[93],"reduce":[95],"exponentially":[97],"growing":[98],"computational":[99],"complexity":[100],"low-rank":[103,115,143,147],"method,":[104],"divide":[106],"entire":[108],"into":[110],"blocks":[111],"implement":[113],"representation":[116,148],"each":[118],"block":[119],"respectively.":[120],"Due":[121],"symmetric":[124],"matrix":[125],"requirements":[126],"graph":[130,144],"discriminant":[132,171],"analysis,":[133],"k-nearest":[135],"neighbor":[136,207],"applied":[138],"handle":[140],"whole":[142],"integrally.":[145],"The":[146],"kNN":[151],"can":[152,175],"maximally":[153],"capture":[154],"preserve":[156],"global":[158],"local":[160],"geometry":[161],"data,":[164],"respectively,":[165],"performance":[168,228],"analysis":[172],"be":[176],"apparently":[177],"improved.":[178],"Extensive":[179],"experiments":[180],"on":[181],"multi-class":[182],"hyperspectral":[183],"images":[184],"show":[185],"that":[186],"BLRDA":[189],"very":[192],"method.":[198],"Even":[199],"simple":[201],"supervised":[202],"semi-supervised":[204],"classifiers":[205],"(nearest":[206],"SVM)":[209],"randomly":[211],"given":[212],"parameters,":[213],"achieves":[218],"significant":[219],"results":[220],"shows":[226],"better":[227],"than":[229],"similar":[230],"methods.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}