{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2799757539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050744","title":"InSAR Deformation Analysis with Distributed Scatterers: A Review Complemented by New Advances","display_name":"InSAR Deformation Analysis with Distributed Scatterers: A Review Complemented by New Advances","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2799757539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050744","mag":"2799757539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10050744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050744","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/5/744/pdf?version=1526470283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/5/744/pdf?version=1526470283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105470621","display_name":"Markus Even","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Markus Even","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IOSB, Gutleuthausstr. 1, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IOSB, Gutleuthausstr. 1, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101928074","display_name":"Karsten Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8075-5341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111500","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx97922","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karsten Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IOSB, Gutleuthausstr. 1, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IOSB, Gutleuthausstr. 1, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105470621"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111500"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":63.1709,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99751558,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"744","last_page":"744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7913587093353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5550343990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.42176416516304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.353083074092865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.11986228823661804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.7913587093353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5550343990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42176416516304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.353083074092865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.11986228823661804}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10050744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050744","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/5/744/pdf?version=1526470283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000088755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000088755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401992","display_name":"Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote sensing, 10 (5), 744","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-494143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-494143.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IOSB","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/5/744/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10050744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 744","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/252903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/252903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000088755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000088755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10050744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050744","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/5/744/pdf?version=1526470283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799757539.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799757539.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W320205774","https://openalex.org/W979839387","https://openalex.org/W1584097427","https://openalex.org/W1631729142","https://openalex.org/W1672745209","https://openalex.org/W1950727688","https://openalex.org/W1965015894","https://openalex.org/W1970302608","https://openalex.org/W1971040463","https://openalex.org/W1975289769","https://openalex.org/W1975454952","https://openalex.org/W1983777277","https://openalex.org/W1989666037","https://openalex.org/W1992511687","https://openalex.org/W1998628209","https://openalex.org/W2001845920","https://openalex.org/W2003335470","https://openalex.org/W2004376198","https://openalex.org/W2004701107","https://openalex.org/W2004817876","https://openalex.org/W2007503034","https://openalex.org/W2010491386","https://openalex.org/W2010961394","https://openalex.org/W2013211795","https://openalex.org/W2014509644","https://openalex.org/W2017727533","https://openalex.org/W2019625237","https://openalex.org/W2025494752","https://openalex.org/W2026849320","https://openalex.org/W2029884182","https://openalex.org/W2034238081","https://openalex.org/W2036839859","https://openalex.org/W2037095848","https://openalex.org/W2042020446","https://openalex.org/W2044751814","https://openalex.org/W2047029664","https://openalex.org/W2049380103","https://openalex.org/W2050096636","https://openalex.org/W2052893527","https://openalex.org/W2056441251","https://openalex.org/W2059665282","https://openalex.org/W2061577342","https://openalex.org/W2062125287","https://openalex.org/W2063136079","https://openalex.org/W2065822370","https://openalex.org/W2065989874","https://openalex.org/W2066427975","https://openalex.org/W2074319623","https://openalex.org/W2076063977","https://openalex.org/W2077282160","https://openalex.org/W2078919065","https://openalex.org/W2083996091","https://openalex.org/W2085046514","https://openalex.org/W2093133591","https://openalex.org/W2094950020","https://openalex.org/W2095579633","https://openalex.org/W2097271025","https://openalex.org/W2097762029","https://openalex.org/W2099008772","https://openalex.org/W2099268550","https://openalex.org/W2101690226","https://openalex.org/W2106226795","https://openalex.org/W2106234588","https://openalex.org/W2106812384","https://openalex.org/W2110764636","https://openalex.org/W2112183468","https://openalex.org/W2117009774","https://openalex.org/W2118442249","https://openalex.org/W2119858996","https://openalex.org/W2121773078","https://openalex.org/W2123565054","https://openalex.org/W2123632763","https://openalex.org/W2124451488","https://openalex.org/W2124756277","https://openalex.org/W2125285579","https://openalex.org/W2129206142","https://openalex.org/W2130762895","https://openalex.org/W2131120753","https://openalex.org/W2134392507","https://openalex.org/W2134567657","https://openalex.org/W2134857847","https://openalex.org/W2136449732","https://openalex.org/W2139216479","https://openalex.org/W2141414687","https://openalex.org/W2143716001","https://openalex.org/W2144176946","https://openalex.org/W2144851790","https://openalex.org/W2145071750","https://openalex.org/W2146103307","https://openalex.org/W2148505991","https://openalex.org/W2148958581","https://openalex.org/W2150310489","https://openalex.org/W2151503061","https://openalex.org/W2152012906","https://openalex.org/W2152403125","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2161661683","https://openalex.org/W2163062228","https://openalex.org/W2168381608","https://openalex.org/W2170273724","https://openalex.org/W2172143945","https://openalex.org/W2242279517","https://openalex.org/W2284849380","https://openalex.org/W2318037253","https://openalex.org/W2409021404","https://openalex.org/W2461572739","https://openalex.org/W2513321059","https://openalex.org/W2548712274","https://openalex.org/W2580442340","https://openalex.org/W2590043570","https://openalex.org/W2615808868","https://openalex.org/W2762396441","https://openalex.org/W2789815737","https://openalex.org/W2946339014","https://openalex.org/W3022075146","https://openalex.org/W4236316962","https://openalex.org/W4237055612","https://openalex.org/W4249744610","https://openalex.org/W4255230573","https://openalex.org/W6656819821","https://openalex.org/W6657912834","https://openalex.org/W6674723063","https://openalex.org/W6681577144","https://openalex.org/W6818474068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790032735","https://openalex.org/W2373310320","https://openalex.org/W2781934594","https://openalex.org/W4384163768","https://openalex.org/W4385499758","https://openalex.org/W4400088992","https://openalex.org/W2387499565","https://openalex.org/W4382365962","https://openalex.org/W2767118615","https://openalex.org/W3202939839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interferometric":[0],"Synthetic":[1],"Aperture":[2],"Radar":[3],"(InSAR)":[4],"is":[5,156],"a":[6,43,55],"powerful":[7],"remote":[8],"sensing":[9],"technique":[10],"able":[11],"to":[12,77],"measure":[13],"deformation":[14,23,152],"of":[15,29,71,108,117,142],"the":[16,99,104,115,137],"earth\u2019s":[17],"surface":[18],"over":[19],"large":[20,75],"areas.":[21],"InSAR":[22,88],"analysis":[24],"uses":[25],"two":[26],"main":[27],"categories":[28],"backscatter:":[30],"Persistent":[31],"Scatterers":[32,36],"(PS)":[33],"and":[34,47,61,131,144],"Distributed":[35],"(DS).":[37],"While":[38],"PS":[39,120],"are":[40,74,180],"characterized":[41],"by":[42,87],"high":[44],"signal-to-noise":[45,59],"ratio":[46,60],"predominantly":[48],"occur":[49],"as":[50,122],"single":[51],"pixels,":[52],"DS":[53,83,109,118,149,172],"possess":[54],"medium":[56],"or":[57],"low":[58],"can":[62,167],"only":[63],"be":[64,168],"exploited":[65],"if":[66,123,176],"they":[67,124],"form":[68],"homogeneous":[69],"groups":[70],"pixels":[72],"that":[73,161,163],"enough":[76],"allow":[78],"for":[79,92,151,170],"statistical":[80,178],"analysis.":[81,153],"Although":[82],"have":[84,102],"been":[85],"used":[86],"since":[89],"its":[90],"beginnings":[91],"different":[93,140],"purposes,":[94],"new":[95],"methods":[96],"developed":[97],"during":[98,173],"last":[100],"decade":[101],"advanced":[103],"field":[105],"significantly.":[106],"Preprocessing":[107],"with":[110,158],"spatio-temporal":[111],"filtering":[112],"allows":[113],"today":[114],"use":[116],"in":[119],"algorithms":[121],"were":[125],"PS,":[126],"thereby":[127],"enlarging":[128],"spatial":[129],"coverage":[130],"stabilizing":[132],"algorithms.":[133],"This":[134],"review":[135,155],"explores":[136],"relations":[138],"between":[139],"lines":[141],"research":[143],"discusses":[145],"open":[146],"questions":[147],"regarding":[148],"preprocessing":[150],"The":[154],"complemented":[157],"an":[159],"experiment":[160],"demonstrates":[162],"significantly":[164],"improved":[165],"results":[166],"achieved":[169],"preprocessed":[171],"parameter":[174],"estimation":[175],"their":[177],"properties":[179],"used.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}