{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2799943045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050668","title":"Wind Turbine Wake Characterization with Nacelle-Mounted Wind Lidars for Analytical Wake Model Validation","display_name":"Wind Turbine Wake Characterization with Nacelle-Mounted Wind Lidars for Analytical Wake Model Validation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2799943045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050668","mag":"2799943045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10050668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050668","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/5/668/pdf?version=1525349816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/5/668/pdf?version=1525349816","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030368638","display_name":"Fernando Carbajo Fuertes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-8058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Carbajo Fuertes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wind Engineering and Renewable Energy laboratory (WiRE)-\u00c9cole polytechnique fed\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wind Engineering and Renewable Energy laboratory (WiRE)-\u00c9cole polytechnique fed\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006102520","display_name":"Corey D. Markfort","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-9149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corey D. Markfort","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA","IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089732960","display_name":"Fernando Port\u00e9\u2010Agel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-3350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Port\u00e9-Agel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wind Engineering and Renewable Energy laboratory (WiRE)-\u00c9cole polytechnique fed\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wind Engineering and Renewable Energy laboratory (WiRE)-\u00c9cole polytechnique fed\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089732960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":103.1562,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99908057,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"668","last_page":"668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wake","display_name":"Wake","score":0.9468036890029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nacelle","display_name":"Nacelle","score":0.6328868269920349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.6296941041946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflow","display_name":"Inflow","score":0.6220266819000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wake-turbulence","display_name":"Wake turbulence","score":0.5674183964729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.4660291373729706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.454396516084671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence-kinetic-energy","display_name":"Turbulence kinetic energy","score":0.4450388550758362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4409756064414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.42341870069503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.3940729796886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.3243902921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3005278408527374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.24568086862564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09331274032592773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48939323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294879","display_name":"Wake","level":2,"score":0.9468036890029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34329639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27070220","display_name":"Nacelle","level":3,"score":0.6328868269920349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.6296941041946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776132308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11070850","display_name":"Inflow","level":2,"score":0.6220266819000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201923624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037959","display_name":"Wake turbulence","level":3,"score":0.5674183964729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4660291373729706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.454396516084671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15476950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7854776","display_name":"Turbulence kinetic energy","level":3,"score":0.4450388550758362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4409756064414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.42341870069503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.3940729796886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3243902921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3005278408527374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.24568086862564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09331274032592773}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10050668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050668","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/5/668/pdf?version=1525349816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3dff3e39fb4c4c828058f680c995464d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3dff3e39fb4c4c828058f680c995464d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 668 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:255216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/255216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"research article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/5/668/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10050668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 668","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10050668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050668","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/5/668/pdf?version=1525349816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3330667534","display_name":"Towards improved predictions of turbine wakes in wind farms: An integrated computational and experimental framework","funder_award_id":"172538","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4786925493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200021_172538","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4836148144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5256785375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200021-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6506892270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200021-172538","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7026975588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SI/501337-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335015","funder_display_name":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Energie"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G993971353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333079","display_name":"Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335015","display_name":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Energie","ror":"https://ror.org/020ddnn22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799943045.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799943045.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1931511542","https://openalex.org/W1967122229","https://openalex.org/W1970536223","https://openalex.org/W1980495275","https://openalex.org/W1984050823","https://openalex.org/W1985085737","https://openalex.org/W1986377643","https://openalex.org/W2001035594","https://openalex.org/W2001938766","https://openalex.org/W2003977652","https://openalex.org/W2007686844","https://openalex.org/W2026385333","https://openalex.org/W2055241480","https://openalex.org/W2063181414","https://openalex.org/W2071562292","https://openalex.org/W2096674611","https://openalex.org/W2106564841","https://openalex.org/W2107531094","https://openalex.org/W2112409296","https://openalex.org/W2122388304","https://openalex.org/W2128665450","https://openalex.org/W2135747958","https://openalex.org/W2137139260","https://openalex.org/W2141676901","https://openalex.org/W2162743401","https://openalex.org/W2185433055","https://openalex.org/W2203639565","https://openalex.org/W2394956122","https://openalex.org/W2520834133","https://openalex.org/W2526340103","https://openalex.org/W2530065124","https://openalex.org/W2553362536","https://openalex.org/W2607331868","https://openalex.org/W2622215529","https://openalex.org/W2623690995","https://openalex.org/W2625388984","https://openalex.org/W4230295274","https://openalex.org/W4248129201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145295716","https://openalex.org/W2004189251","https://openalex.org/W2360656443","https://openalex.org/W2382815892","https://openalex.org/W2807008651","https://openalex.org/W2340281719","https://openalex.org/W4307117529","https://openalex.org/W2790827688","https://openalex.org/W4206364477","https://openalex.org/W4385731177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,102],"study":[1,106],"presents":[2],"the":[3,14,38,55,58,67,79,89,105,108,112,116,119,125,128,141,147,161,169,188],"setup,":[4],"methodology":[5],"and":[6,52,73,93,115,143,164,184,199],"results":[7,132],"from":[8,30,196,210],"a":[9,41,61,135,152,156,165],"measurement":[10],"campaign":[11],"dedicated":[12,53],"to":[13,54,99,177,186],"characterization":[15,56],"of":[16,40,57,63,78,107,111,118,127,160,168],"full-scale":[17,211],"wind":[18,44,120,181],"turbine":[19,182],"wakes":[20,183],"under":[21],"different":[22],"inflow":[23,59],"conditions.":[24],"The":[25,46,81,131,172],"measurements":[26,198],"have":[27],"been":[28],"obtained":[29,174,195],"two":[31],"pulsed":[32],"scanning":[33,64],"Doppler":[34],"lidars":[35],"mounted":[36],"on":[37],"nacelle":[39],"2.5":[42],"MW":[43],"turbine.":[45],"first":[47],"lidar":[48],"is":[49,70],"upstream":[50],"oriented":[51,72],"with":[60,203],"variety":[62],"patterns,":[65],"while":[66],"second":[68],"one":[69],"downstream":[71],"performs":[74],"horizontal":[75],"planar":[76],"scans":[77],"wake.":[80],"calculated":[82],"velocity":[83,170],"deficit":[84],"profiles":[85],"exhibit":[86],"self-similarity":[87],"in":[88,146,151],"far":[90],"wake":[91,113,148,162],"region":[92],"they":[94],"can":[95],"be":[96],"fitted":[97],"accurately":[98],"Gaussian":[100],"functions.":[101],"allows":[103],"for":[104,180],"growth":[109,158],"rate":[110,159],"width":[114,163],"recovery":[117,167],"speed,":[121],"as":[122,124],"well":[123],"extent":[126],"near-wake":[129,154],"region.":[130],"show":[133],"that":[134],"higher":[136],"incoming":[137],"turbulence":[138],"intensity":[139],"enhances":[140],"entrainment":[142],"flow":[144],"mixing":[145],"region,":[149],"resulting":[150],"shorter":[153],"length,":[155],"faster":[157,166],"deficit.":[171],"relationships":[173],"are":[175],"compared":[176],"analytical":[178],"models":[179],"allow":[185],"correct":[187],"parameters":[189],"prescribed":[190],"until":[191],"now,":[192],"which":[193],"were":[194],"wind-tunnel":[197],"large-eddy":[200],"simulations":[201],"(LES),":[202],"new,":[204],"more":[205],"accurate":[206],"values":[207],"directly":[208],"derived":[209],"experiments.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2018-05-17T00:00:00"}