{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796913108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040604","title":"Effects of Heterogeneity within Tree Crowns on Airborne-Quantified SIF and the CWSI as Indicators of Water Stress in the Context of Precision Agriculture","display_name":"Effects of Heterogeneity within Tree Crowns on Airborne-Quantified SIF and the CWSI as Indicators of Water Stress in the Context of Precision Agriculture","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796913108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040604","mag":"2796913108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040604","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/604/pdf?version=1525348361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/604/pdf?version=1525348361","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077170450","display_name":"C. Camino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5188-4406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142251","display_name":"Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible","ror":"https://ror.org/039vw4178","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210142251"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Camino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142251","https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070012917","display_name":"Pablo J. Zarco\u2010Tejada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1433-6165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142251","display_name":"Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible","ror":"https://ror.org/039vw4178","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210142251"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Zarco-Tejada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142251","https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073169666","display_name":"V. Gonz\u00e1lez-Dugo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1445-923X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142251","display_name":"Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible","ror":"https://ror.org/039vw4178","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210142251"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victoria Gonzalez-Dugo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142251","https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070012917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210142251"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.7166,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9283178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"604","last_page":"604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7379248142242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.619744598865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","score":0.615199625492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.5920013189315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchard","display_name":"Orchard","score":0.5136070251464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.47657179832458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.20630046725273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.20521113276481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1475985050201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.12706133723258972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7379248142242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.619744598865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.615199625492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5920013189315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780753983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236371","display_name":"Orchard","level":2,"score":0.5136070251464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.47657179832458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.20630046725273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.20521113276481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1475985050201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.12706133723258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040604","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/604/pdf?version=1525348361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/641563","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/effects-of-heterogeneity-within-tree-crowns-on-airborne-quantifie","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201231","display_name":"Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling","issn_l":"2663-3027","issn":["2663-3027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2072-4292","raw_type":"Article/Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/167025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/167025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Art\u00edculo"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0e698fd605414986b98c8c2d78e71b62","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0e698fd605414986b98c8c2d78e71b62","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 604 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/4/604/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10040604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 4; Pages: 604","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040604","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/604/pdf?version=1525348361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2796913108.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2796913108.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W627777417","https://openalex.org/W1549716303","https://openalex.org/W1782715256","https://openalex.org/W1953550581","https://openalex.org/W1968565953","https://openalex.org/W1981527205","https://openalex.org/W1987555091","https://openalex.org/W1991364445","https://openalex.org/W1991606039","https://openalex.org/W1992593655","https://openalex.org/W1996788105","https://openalex.org/W2007146840","https://openalex.org/W2019819424","https://openalex.org/W2027548066","https://openalex.org/W2047328174","https://openalex.org/W2048405443","https://openalex.org/W2058548390","https://openalex.org/W2064636932","https://openalex.org/W2068117942","https://openalex.org/W2077903438","https://openalex.org/W2078883407","https://openalex.org/W2079902777","https://openalex.org/W2080968121","https://openalex.org/W2086285672","https://openalex.org/W2094278312","https://openalex.org/W2109542058","https://openalex.org/W2111483712","https://openalex.org/W2119706051","https://openalex.org/W2121181770","https://openalex.org/W2124274454","https://openalex.org/W2124693922","https://openalex.org/W2125046577","https://openalex.org/W2126143576","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2133125644","https://openalex.org/W2137475912","https://openalex.org/W2153958436","https://openalex.org/W2154083639","https://openalex.org/W2157905269","https://openalex.org/W2158851109","https://openalex.org/W2160100711","https://openalex.org/W2163004831","https://openalex.org/W2164995320","https://openalex.org/W2166326933","https://openalex.org/W2229956953","https://openalex.org/W2315258102","https://openalex.org/W2502056400","https://openalex.org/W2598430045","https://openalex.org/W2761305820","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6666487912","https://openalex.org/W7009346766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204233380","https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W23916517","https://openalex.org/W2015601814","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W2955227278","https://openalex.org/W2545549525","https://openalex.org/W2124834423","https://openalex.org/W1482145300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,322],"research":[1],"focused":[2],"on":[3,13,50,106,150,256],"understanding":[4],"the":[5,14,23,31,51,72,76,95,140,159,165,181,186,195,208,213,219,226,231,236,242,252,257,265,273,282,288,296,314,319,325,342],"effects":[6,255],"of":[7,17,39,71,142,327,344],"structural":[8],"heterogeneity":[9,197],"within":[10,37,99,199,218],"tree":[11,73,88,100,167,188,200,339],"crowns":[12,38,74,84,101,189,340],"airborne":[15,135],"retrieval":[16,67],"solar-induced":[18],"chlorophyll":[19],"fluorescence":[20,66],"(SIF)":[21],"and":[22,33,47,81,147,158,267,278,298,331,347],"Crop":[24],"Water":[25],"Stress":[26],"Index":[27],"(CWSI).":[28],"We":[29,92],"explored":[30],"SIF":[32,157,182],"CWSI":[34,214,222,237,266,283],"variability":[35],"observed":[36,198],"trees":[40],"subjected":[41],"to":[42,64,110,194,207,251,295],"different":[43],"water":[44,348],"stress":[45,349],"regimes":[46,128,249],"its":[48],"effect":[49],"relationships":[52],"with":[53,313],"leaf":[54],"physiological":[55],"measurements.":[56],"High-resolution":[57],"(20":[58],"cm)":[59,113],"hyperspectral":[60,146,330],"imagery":[61,333],"was":[62,118,190,269],"acquired":[63],"assess":[65],"from":[68,82,185,230,287,338],"sunlit":[69,166],"portions":[70],"using":[75,85,102,144,328],"Fraunhofer":[77],"line":[78],"depth":[79],"method,":[80],"entire":[83,187],"automatic":[86],"object-based":[87],"crown":[89,168,204,260,274,291],"detection":[90],"methods.":[91],"also":[93],"measured":[94],"canopy":[96,196],"temperature":[97,107],"distribution":[98],"segmentation":[103,172,275,292,336],"algorithms":[104],"based":[105],"percentiles":[108],"applied":[109,206,277],"high-resolution":[111,145,329],"(25":[112],"thermal":[114,148,209,332],"imagery.":[115],"The":[116,202,262],"study":[117,323],"conducted":[119],"in":[120,129,131,241,305,318,341],"an":[121],"almond":[122],"orchard":[123],"cultivated":[124],"under":[125],"three":[126],"watering":[127,248],"Cordoba,":[130],"southern":[132],"Spain.":[133],"Three":[134],"campaigns":[136],"took":[137],"place":[138],"during":[139],"summer":[141],"2015":[143],"cameras":[149],"board":[151],"a":[152],"manned":[153],"aircraft.":[154],"Relationships":[155],"between":[156,264],"assimilation":[160],"rate":[161],"improved":[162,279],"significantly":[163],"when":[164,225,281],"pixels":[169,227,301,308,316],"extracted":[170,184,229],"through":[171],"were":[173,217,228,239,285],"used":[174],"for":[175,246,334],"all":[176,247],"flight":[177],"dates.":[178],"By":[179],"contrast,":[180],"signal":[183],"highly":[191],"degraded":[192],"due":[193,250],"crowns.":[201],"quartile":[203,244,290],"segmentations":[205],"images":[210],"showed":[211],"that":[212],"values":[215,238,284],"obtained":[216],"theoretically":[220],"expected":[221],"range":[223],"only":[224],"50th":[232],"percentile":[233],"class.":[234],"However,":[235],"biased":[240],"upper":[243,320],"(Q75)":[245],"soil":[253],"background":[254],"calculated":[258,286],"mean":[259],"temperature.":[261],"relationship":[263],"Gs":[268],"heavily":[270],"affected":[271],"by":[272],"levels":[276],"remarkably":[280],"middle":[289],"(Q50),":[293],"corresponding":[294],"coldest":[297],"purest":[299],"vegetation":[300,307],"(r2":[302],"=":[303,311],"0.78":[304],"pure":[306],"vs.":[309],"r2":[310],"0.52":[312],"warmer":[315],"included":[317],"quartile).":[321],"highlights":[324],"importance":[326],"pure-object":[335],"extractions":[337],"context":[343],"precision":[345],"agriculture":[346],"detection.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}