{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2797335386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040577","title":"Improving the Regional Applicability of Satellite Precipitation Products by Ensemble Algorithm","display_name":"Improving the Regional Applicability of Satellite Precipitation Products by Ensemble Algorithm","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2797335386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040577","mag":"2797335386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040577","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/577/pdf?version=1525347652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/577/pdf?version=1525347652","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006955790","display_name":"Muhammad Waseem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7860-3037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waseem Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Water Resource Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan","State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Water Resource Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030654945","display_name":"Hanbo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-0245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanbo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059136540","display_name":"Huimin Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-2334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huimin Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-2334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017321640","display_name":"Muhammad Ajmal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-7345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajmal Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-7345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044116309","display_name":"Dawen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-1881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059136540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":2.2661,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86866042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"577","last_page":"577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.7771854400634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7578938007354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6323617696762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5261352062225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.49858903884887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4582362473011017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.44566571712493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4414274990558624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-precipitation-measurement","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","score":0.4320942759513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3550895154476166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19634371995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17216449975967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10399487614631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10054820775985718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.7771854400634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7578938007354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6323617696762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5261352062225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.49858903884887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4582362473011017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.44566571712493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4414274990558624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29278236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3108963","display_name":"Global Precipitation Measurement","level":3,"score":0.4320942759513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3550895154476166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19634371995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17216449975967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10399487614631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10054820775985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040577","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/577/pdf?version=1525347652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05e9392050c1420ab7bb895bb860a801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05e9392050c1420ab7bb895bb860a801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 577 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/4/577/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10040577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040577","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/577/pdf?version=1525347652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4652691339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51679120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5133602000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC0402404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2797335386.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2797335386.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617972239","https://openalex.org/W636091729","https://openalex.org/W1550927940","https://openalex.org/W1568694182","https://openalex.org/W1969731347","https://openalex.org/W1969973301","https://openalex.org/W1987405958","https://openalex.org/W1995622703","https://openalex.org/W2002130598","https://openalex.org/W2008935988","https://openalex.org/W2019588960","https://openalex.org/W2037093424","https://openalex.org/W2038291640","https://openalex.org/W2042814997","https://openalex.org/W2057571429","https://openalex.org/W2057770207","https://openalex.org/W2061413121","https://openalex.org/W2074338125","https://openalex.org/W2084503417","https://openalex.org/W2094653192","https://openalex.org/W2095596250","https://openalex.org/W2108006050","https://openalex.org/W2109582738","https://openalex.org/W2121436930","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2128192201","https://openalex.org/W2133502098","https://openalex.org/W2148486202","https://openalex.org/W2153326603","https://openalex.org/W2159048238","https://openalex.org/W2177876956","https://openalex.org/W2185304862","https://openalex.org/W2185886722","https://openalex.org/W2187426137","https://openalex.org/W2191985424","https://openalex.org/W2260021327","https://openalex.org/W2300323517","https://openalex.org/W2414694296","https://openalex.org/W2508394613","https://openalex.org/W2578002241","https://openalex.org/W2598428419","https://openalex.org/W2767190041","https://openalex.org/W2771159036","https://openalex.org/W7042786019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3015313173","https://openalex.org/W2053051519","https://openalex.org/W1541821489","https://openalex.org/W2066321586","https://openalex.org/W1983352859","https://openalex.org/W4230099655","https://openalex.org/W4382982879","https://openalex.org/W4385380152","https://openalex.org/W4321786814","https://openalex.org/W4311044000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite-based":[0],"precipitation":[1,25,58,75,101,200],"products":[2,45,120],"(e.g.,":[3,131,139],"Integrated":[4],"Multi-Satellite":[5],"Retrievals":[6],"for":[7,28,65,198,207],"Global":[8],"Precipitation":[9],"Measurement":[10],"(IMERG)":[11],"and":[12,52,57,60,99,115,136,165],"its":[13],"predecessor,":[14],"Tropical":[15],"Rainfall":[16],"Measuring":[17],"Mission":[18],"(TRMM))":[19],"are":[20],"a":[21,29,69,181],"critical":[22],"source":[23],"of":[24,43,121,126,133,172],"estimation,":[26],"particularly":[27],"region":[30],"with":[31,161],"less,":[32],"or":[33],"no,":[34],"hydrometric":[35],"networking.":[36],"However,":[37],"the":[38,41,73,88,94,100,104,116,127,145,157,162,190,205,210],"inconsistency":[39],"in":[40,49,167,209],"performance":[42,90],"these":[44],"has":[46,149],"been":[47],"observed":[48],"different":[50,169],"climatic":[51,170],"topographic":[53],"diverse":[54],"regions,":[55],"timescales,":[56],"intensities":[59],"there":[61],"is":[62,78,84],"still":[63],"room":[64],"improvement.":[66],"Hence,":[67],"using":[68],"projected":[70],"ensemble":[71],"algorithm,":[72],"regional":[74,89],"estimate":[76,102],"(RP)":[77],"introduced":[79],"here.":[80],"The":[81,123,185],"RP":[82,147],"concept":[83],"mainly":[85],"based":[86],"on":[87],"weights":[91],"derived":[92],"from":[93,103,174,196],"Mean":[95],"Square":[96],"Error":[97],"(MSE)":[98],"TRMM":[105,109],"product,":[106],"that":[107,144],"is,":[108],"3B42":[110],"(TR),":[111],"real-time":[112],"(late)":[113],"(IT)":[114],"research":[117,192],"(post-real-time)":[118],"(IR)":[119],"IMERG.":[122,211],"overall":[124,152],"results":[125],"selected":[128],"contingency":[129],"table":[130],"Probability":[132],"detection":[134],"(POD))":[135],"statistical":[137],"indices":[138],"Correlation":[140],"Coefficient":[141],"(CC))":[142],"signposted":[143],"proposed":[146],"product":[148],"shown":[150],"an":[151],"better":[153],"potential":[154],"to":[155,177],"capture":[156],"gauge":[158],"observations":[159],"compared":[160],"TR,":[163],"IR,":[164],"IT":[166],"five":[168],"regions":[171],"Pakistan":[173,197],"January":[175],"2015":[176],"December":[178],"2016,":[179],"at":[180],"diurnal":[182],"time":[183],"scale.":[184],"current":[186],"study":[187],"could":[188],"be":[189],"first":[191],"providing":[193],"preliminary":[194],"feedback":[195],"global":[199],"measurement":[201],"researchers":[202],"by":[203],"highlighting":[204],"need":[206],"refinement":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}