{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2795238603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040528","title":"Spatio-Temporal Variability of Annual Sea Level Cycle in the Baltic Sea","display_name":"Spatio-Temporal Variability of Annual Sea Level Cycle in the Baltic Sea","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2795238603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040528","mag":"2795238603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040528","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/528/pdf?version=1525345844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/528/pdf?version=1525345844","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087846714","display_name":"Yongcun Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-8004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongcun Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","Shenzhen AeroImgInfo Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen AeroImgInfo Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074966676","display_name":"Qing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-744X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources, Development and Environment Security, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources, Development and Environment Security, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347672","display_name":"Xiaofeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-5119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105893","display_name":"Global Science & Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01a5ymr35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089050","display_name":"NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/007qwym43","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Science and Technology, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), College Park, MD 20740, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Science and Technology, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), College Park, MD 20740, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210105893","https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100347672"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210105893"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.4476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80625672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"528","last_page":"528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tide-gauge","display_name":"Tide gauge","score":0.8966473340988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annual-cycle","display_name":"Annual cycle","score":0.7503001689910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-level","display_name":"Sea level","score":0.7190306186676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.7072988748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-orthogonal-functions","display_name":"Empirical orthogonal functions","score":0.6560178995132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6015347838401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.5945276021957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-atlantic-oscillation","display_name":"North Atlantic oscillation","score":0.5587326288223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baltic-sea","display_name":"Baltic sea","score":0.5321447253227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.46638962626457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediterranean-sea","display_name":"Mediterranean sea","score":0.424557626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.42183300852775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediterranean-climate","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","score":0.2856813073158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24814769625663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24487262964248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.13192155957221985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136856113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686697","display_name":"Tide gauge","level":3,"score":0.8966473340988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114148465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4769685","display_name":"Annual cycle","level":2,"score":0.7503001689910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74501621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125465","display_name":"Sea level","level":2,"score":0.7190306186676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.7072988748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13724139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042818","display_name":"Empirical orthogonal functions","level":2,"score":0.6560178995132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6015347838401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.5945276021957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17093552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137345","display_name":"North Atlantic oscillation","level":2,"score":0.5587326288223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986433049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545","display_name":"Baltic sea","level":2,"score":0.5321447253227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.46638962626457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779043415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986177","display_name":"Mediterranean sea","level":3,"score":0.424557626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42183300852775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4646841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13996","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","level":2,"score":0.2856813073158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24814769625663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24487262964248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.13192155957221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040528","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/528/pdf?version=1525345844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a7b7df17f9124c93910c198219b9f52c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a7b7df17f9124c93910c198219b9f52c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 528 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/4/528/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10040528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 4; Pages: 528","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:64598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/64598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, 10(4), 528","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040528","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/528/pdf?version=1525345844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2795238603.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2795238603.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W998218512","https://openalex.org/W1547775649","https://openalex.org/W1944621139","https://openalex.org/W1985854228","https://openalex.org/W1989022596","https://openalex.org/W2012061803","https://openalex.org/W2038625628","https://openalex.org/W2046118645","https://openalex.org/W2067300092","https://openalex.org/W2078331887","https://openalex.org/W2080859810","https://openalex.org/W2097511752","https://openalex.org/W2099910562","https://openalex.org/W2103339876","https://openalex.org/W2106766562","https://openalex.org/W2125814443","https://openalex.org/W2131477567","https://openalex.org/W2151030973","https://openalex.org/W2155099668","https://openalex.org/W2155579932","https://openalex.org/W2159818149","https://openalex.org/W2165242200","https://openalex.org/W2168982567","https://openalex.org/W2173251738","https://openalex.org/W2177431130","https://openalex.org/W2271432601","https://openalex.org/W2331764059","https://openalex.org/W2331928811","https://openalex.org/W2410521494","https://openalex.org/W2522785980","https://openalex.org/W2539846887","https://openalex.org/W2581833384","https://openalex.org/W2609310198","https://openalex.org/W4237912558","https://openalex.org/W6677555364","https://openalex.org/W6678675024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2616931225","https://openalex.org/W2890034965","https://openalex.org/W1557543798","https://openalex.org/W2089558471","https://openalex.org/W4390675758","https://openalex.org/W2025750994","https://openalex.org/W3176445773","https://openalex.org/W4385768828","https://openalex.org/W2598733861","https://openalex.org/W4385519421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,230],"coastal":[1],"and":[2,33,53,59,66,132,138,153,185,207,253,259],"semi-enclosed":[3],"seas,":[4],"the":[5,13,21,30,42,73,98,103,125,130,134,139,145,148,151,164,172,192,196,204,219,224,231,236,243],"mean":[6],"local":[7],"sea":[8,38,69,83,92,121,156,167,177,198,245,263],"level":[9,39,70,84,93,122,157,168,178,199,246,264],"can":[10],"significantly":[11],"influence":[12],"magnitude":[14],"of":[15,36,81,136,141,150,171,195,261],"flooding":[16],"in":[17,41,97,102,124,133,144,223,228,250],"inundation":[18],"areas.":[19],"Using":[20],"cyclostationary":[22],"empirical":[23],"orthogonal":[24],"function":[25],"(CSEOF)":[26],"method,":[27],"we":[28],"examine":[29],"spatial":[31,65],"patterns":[32],"temporal":[34,67],"variations":[35,222],"annual":[37,68,82,91,120,155,166,197,220,244,262],"cycle":[40,94,123,200,221,247],"Baltic":[43,99,126],"Sea":[44,127],"based":[45],"on":[46],"satellite":[47],"altimetry":[48,112,232],"data,":[49,52,113],"tide":[50,114,225],"gauge":[51,115,226],"regional":[54],"model":[55,74],"reanalysis":[56,75],"during":[57],"1993":[58],"2014.":[60],"All":[61],"datasets":[62,162],"demonstrate":[63],"coherent":[64],"variability,":[71],"although":[72],"shows":[76,201],"a":[77,118,256],"smaller":[78],"interannual":[79,193],"variation":[80,194],"amplitude":[85,158,265],"than":[86],"other":[87],"datasets.":[88],"A":[89],"large":[90],"is":[95],"observed":[96,267],"Sea,":[100],"except":[101],"Danish":[104],"straits":[105],"from":[106,211,268],"December":[107,212],"to":[108,191,213,242],"February.":[109],"Compared":[110],"with":[111,218],"data":[116,227],"exhibit":[117],"stronger":[119],"(e.g.,":[128,176,210],"along":[129],"coasts":[131],"Gulf":[135,140],"Finland":[137],"Bothnia),":[142],"particularly":[143,249],"winter.":[146],"Moreover,":[147],"maps":[149],"maximum":[152,165],"minimum":[154],"imply":[159],"that":[160,202],"all":[161,235,269],"underestimate":[163],"amplitude.":[169],"Analysis":[170],"atmospheric":[173,237],"forcing":[174,238],"factors":[175,239],"pressure,":[179],"North":[180],"Atlantic":[181],"Oscillation":[182],"(NAO),":[183],"winds":[184],"air":[186],"temperature),":[187],"which":[188],"may":[189],"contribute":[190],"both":[203],"zonal":[205],"wind":[206],"winter":[208],"NAO":[209],"March)":[214],"are":[215,240,266],"highly":[216],"correlated":[217],"1900\u20132012.":[229],"era":[233],"(1993\u20132014),":[234],"linked":[241],"variations,":[248],"1996,":[251],"2010":[252],"2012,":[254],"when":[255],"significant":[257],"increase":[258],"drop":[260],"datasets,":[270],"respectively.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
