{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790705181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040503","title":"A New Strategy for Extracting ENSO Related Signals in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere from GNSS RO Specific Humidity Observations","display_name":"A New Strategy for Extracting ENSO Related Signals in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere from GNSS RO Specific Humidity Observations","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790705181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040503","mag":"2790705181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040503","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/503/pdf?version=1525344773","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/503/pdf?version=1525344773","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667261","display_name":"Zhiping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3351-5831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109371354","display_name":"Jiancheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7035-2216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082898855","display_name":"Jia Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9137-3317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101626926","display_name":"Xinyun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-3510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082898855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.3145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66518246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"503","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.8276125192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratosphere","display_name":"Stratosphere","score":0.7369457483291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.710802435874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-occultation","display_name":"Radio occultation","score":0.6805896759033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-orthogonal-functions","display_name":"Empirical orthogonal functions","score":0.6027600765228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.600830078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.49117323756217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/el-ni\u00f1o-southern-oscillation","display_name":"El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation","score":0.4732273817062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humidity","display_name":"Humidity","score":0.4104306399822235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.3901136517524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.36252057552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.348665714263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.2735145092010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.19095379114151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13316312432289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07734444737434387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.8276125192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163861444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108376","display_name":"Stratosphere","level":2,"score":0.7369457483291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.710802435874939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777034083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1560557","display_name":"Radio occultation","level":3,"score":0.6805896759033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13724139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042818","display_name":"Empirical orthogonal functions","level":2,"score":0.6027600765228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.600830078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.49117323756217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507956050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14524818","display_name":"El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation","level":2,"score":0.4732273817062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.4104306399822235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3901136517524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.36252057552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.348665714263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.2735145092010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19095379114151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13316312432289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07734444737434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040503","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/503/pdf?version=1525344773","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/4/503/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10040503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10040503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040503","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/4/503/pdf?version=1525344773","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2217352636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants No. 41774033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4426731790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 41704011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5082503198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants No. 41774032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2790705181.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2790705181.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88793289","https://openalex.org/W355151567","https://openalex.org/W1579630985","https://openalex.org/W1588296783","https://openalex.org/W1861000785","https://openalex.org/W1917343587","https://openalex.org/W1960175515","https://openalex.org/W1967578396","https://openalex.org/W1981482832","https://openalex.org/W1983066276","https://openalex.org/W1989066162","https://openalex.org/W1989287082","https://openalex.org/W1991024867","https://openalex.org/W1991424335","https://openalex.org/W1993196883","https://openalex.org/W2001032035","https://openalex.org/W2001432309","https://openalex.org/W2007427582","https://openalex.org/W2015007962","https://openalex.org/W2018314772","https://openalex.org/W2020688869","https://openalex.org/W2028014989","https://openalex.org/W2046589183","https://openalex.org/W2051658599","https://openalex.org/W2053508462","https://openalex.org/W2059702123","https://openalex.org/W2077259233","https://openalex.org/W2086047178","https://openalex.org/W2087446221","https://openalex.org/W2091144647","https://openalex.org/W2098475715","https://openalex.org/W2099344299","https://openalex.org/W2101905382","https://openalex.org/W2102242540","https://openalex.org/W2120653142","https://openalex.org/W2129269090","https://openalex.org/W2129356191","https://openalex.org/W2132540555","https://openalex.org/W2140603473","https://openalex.org/W2155919635","https://openalex.org/W2172472270","https://openalex.org/W2176502614","https://openalex.org/W2178171223","https://openalex.org/W2178540110","https://openalex.org/W2180602820","https://openalex.org/W4240557305","https://openalex.org/W6611914755","https://openalex.org/W6675320371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282946448","https://openalex.org/W795121606","https://openalex.org/W2947851536","https://openalex.org/W2020736459","https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3007931018","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W2390755003","https://openalex.org/W2123562521","https://openalex.org/W2066741564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"El":[0,35],"Ni\u00f1o-Southern":[1,36],"Oscillation":[2,37],"related":[3],"signals":[4,51],"(ENSORS)":[5],"in":[6,20,86,94,101,158,184,264,302,348],"the":[7,14,21,27,43,54,78,90,95,102,111,117,127,150,159,167,176,185,200,206,219,233,236,255,261,267,270,282,287,299,306,315,317,321,323,329,343,349],"troposphere":[8,187],"and":[9,23,29,48,82,134,146,289,294,313],"lower":[10,268],"stratosphere":[11],"(TLS)":[12],"are":[13,30,174,228,301],"prominent":[15],"source":[16],"of":[17,26,45,67,92,126,149,178,195,232,235,245,281,292,346],"inter-annual":[18,213],"variability":[19,234,263],"weather":[22],"climate":[24],"system":[25],"Earth,":[28],"especially":[31],"important":[32],"for":[33,89,131,171,230,357],"monitoring":[34,358],"(ENSO).":[38],"In":[39,205,266],"order":[40],"to":[41,141,153,199,222,225,296],"reduce":[42],"influence":[44],"quasi-biennial":[46],"oscillations":[47],"other":[49,250],"unknown":[50],"compared":[52],"with":[53,71,308],"traditional":[55],"empirical":[56],"orthogonal":[57],"functions":[58],"(EOF)":[59],"method,":[60],"a":[61,68,192,211,354],"new":[62,355],"processing":[63],"strategy":[64],"involving":[65],"fusion":[66],"low-pass":[69,80],"filter":[70],"an":[72,243,274],"optimal":[73,79],"filtering":[74],"frequency":[75],"(hereafter":[76],"called":[77],"filter)":[81],"EOF":[83],"is":[84],"proposed":[85],"this":[87,98],"paper":[88],"extraction":[91],"ENSORS":[93,100,152,173,216,258,272,293,312,330],"TLS.":[96],"Using":[97],"strategy,":[99],"TLS":[103,160],"over":[104,175],"different":[105,156,278,338],"areas":[106,170,177,252,307],"were":[107,161],"extracted":[108,151,217,271],"effectively":[109],"from":[110,138,218,331],"specific":[112,238,333],"humidity":[113,239,334],"profiles":[114],"provided":[115],"by":[116],"Global":[118],"Navigation":[119],"Satellite":[120],"System":[121,130],"(GNSS)":[122],"radio":[123],"occultation":[124],"(RO)":[125],"Constellation":[128],"Observing":[129],"Meteorology,":[132],"Ionosphere,":[133],"Climate":[135],"(COSMIC)":[136],"mission":[137],"June":[139,142],"2006":[140],"2014.":[143],"The":[144,163,215],"spatial":[145,288],"temporal":[147,290],"responses":[148,291],"ENSO":[154,208,284,297,347,359],"at":[155,242,277,337],"altitudes":[157,279,339],"analyzed.":[162],"results":[164],"show":[165,191],"that":[166],"most":[168],"suitable":[169],"extracting":[172],"G25":[179],"(\u221225\u00b0S\u201325\u00b0N,":[180],"180\u00b0W\u2013180\u00b0E)":[181,183],"\u2212G65(\u221265\u00b0S\u201365\u00b0N,":[182],"upper":[186],"(250\u2013200":[188],"hpa)":[189],"which":[190,253],"lag":[193,324],"time":[194,325],"3":[196],"months":[197],"relative":[198],"Oceanic":[201],"Ni\u00f1o":[202],"index":[203],"(ONI).":[204],"troposphere,":[207],"manifests":[209],"as":[210],"major":[212,262],"variation.":[214],"N3.4":[220,256],"(\u22125\u00b0S":[221],"5\u00b0N,":[223],"120\u00b0W":[224],"170\u00b0W)":[226],"area":[227],"responsible":[229],"83.59%":[231],"total":[237],"anomaly":[240],"(TSHA)":[241],"altitude":[244],"250":[246],"hpa.":[247],"Over":[248,305],"all":[249],"defined":[251],"contain":[254],"areas,":[257],"also":[259],"explain":[260],"TSHA.":[265],"stratosphere,":[269],"present":[273,342],"unstable":[275],"pattern":[276],"because":[280],"weak":[283],"effect.":[285],"Moreover,":[286],"ONI":[295],"across":[298],"globe":[300],"good":[303],"agreement.":[304],"strong":[309],"correlation":[310,318],"between":[311,326],"ONI,":[314],"larger":[316],"coefficient":[319],"is,":[320],"shorter":[322],"them.":[327],"Furthermore,":[328],"zonal-mean":[332],"monthly":[335],"anomalies":[336],"can":[340],"clearly":[341],"vertical":[344],"structure":[345],"troposphere.":[350],"This":[351],"study":[352],"provides":[353],"approach":[356],"events.":[360]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
