{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791303772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030395","title":"Classifying Wheat Hyperspectral Pixels of Healthy Heads and Fusarium Head Blight Disease Using a Deep Neural Network in the Wild Field","display_name":"Classifying Wheat Hyperspectral Pixels of Healthy Heads and Fusarium Head Blight Disease Using a Deep Neural Network in the Wild Field","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791303772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030395","mag":"2791303772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10030395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030395","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/3/395/pdf?version=1520320790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/3/395/pdf?version=1520320790","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064144631","display_name":"Xiu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-2962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-2962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346054","display_name":"Jie Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agronomy, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agronomy, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328220","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-1103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042011819","display_name":"Hai Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076576399","display_name":"Shao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-9167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140221134","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076576399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140221134"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":9.7154,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":191,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99378485,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"395","last_page":"395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8618872165679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8080312609672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7500971555709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.72052001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7033242583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6311452388763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5561330914497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46908679604530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.45255836844444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1782606840133667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8618872165679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8080312609672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7500971555709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.72052001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7033242583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6311452388763428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5561330914497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46908679604530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.45255836844444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1782606840133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10030395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030395","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/3/395/pdf?version=1520320790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:91a5264af9194c539cb1867b968798a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/91a5264af9194c539cb1867b968798a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 395 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10030395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030395","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/3/395/pdf?version=1520320790","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2791303772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2791303772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1569907127","https://openalex.org/W1810943226","https://openalex.org/W1909234690","https://openalex.org/W1922658220","https://openalex.org/W1928906481","https://openalex.org/W1934410531","https://openalex.org/W1950365613","https://openalex.org/W1967660577","https://openalex.org/W1968349640","https://openalex.org/W1974563921","https://openalex.org/W1978513549","https://openalex.org/W1990244654","https://openalex.org/W2003724897","https://openalex.org/W2004732416","https://openalex.org/W2005051400","https://openalex.org/W2006626130","https://openalex.org/W2008388809","https://openalex.org/W2023039306","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2032676284","https://openalex.org/W2042052113","https://openalex.org/W2043665634","https://openalex.org/W2046040160","https://openalex.org/W2063573345","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065534347","https://openalex.org/W2078467191","https://openalex.org/W2084527119","https://openalex.org/W2092501830","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097337867","https://openalex.org/W2105482032","https://openalex.org/W2106513083","https://openalex.org/W2107074288","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2131876387","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2157621128","https://openalex.org/W2176412452","https://openalex.org/W2250966211","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W2270470215","https://openalex.org/W2282915343","https://openalex.org/W2293706247","https://openalex.org/W2338318698","https://openalex.org/W2464755555","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2512209472","https://openalex.org/W2519653196","https://openalex.org/W2523461497","https://openalex.org/W2548878763","https://openalex.org/W2588476071","https://openalex.org/W2589634835","https://openalex.org/W2590344772","https://openalex.org/W2591691368","https://openalex.org/W2595799744","https://openalex.org/W2600746131","https://openalex.org/W2607484736","https://openalex.org/W2612246789","https://openalex.org/W2617056706","https://openalex.org/W2619336227","https://openalex.org/W2622826443","https://openalex.org/W2622950481","https://openalex.org/W2641842219","https://openalex.org/W2682360066","https://openalex.org/W2741903908","https://openalex.org/W2771169143","https://openalex.org/W2950304420","https://openalex.org/W2962902328","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W4243367342","https://openalex.org/W4320339642","https://openalex.org/W6600213771","https://openalex.org/W6640362995","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6799767769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W2076134148","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classification":[0],"of":[1,17,37,48,57,77,108,118,154,161,188,194,215,227,237,275],"healthy":[2,265],"and":[3,10,72,83,144,164,185,213,217,245,266],"diseased":[4,270],"wheat":[5],"heads":[6],"in":[7,52,272],"a":[8,28,53,100,109,124,132,136,141],"rapid":[9],"non-destructive":[11],"manner":[12],"for":[13,104,183,220,264],"the":[14,35,43,69,73,78,89,93,105,120,152,155,159,162,166,173,178,195,199,221,229,233,240,247,253,273],"early":[15],"diagnosis":[16],"Fusarium":[18,267],"head":[19,268],"blight":[20,269],"disease":[21,44,186],"research":[22],"is":[23,81,128,148,181,239,259],"difficult.":[24],"Our":[25,249],"work":[26],"applies":[27],"deep":[29,256],"neural":[30,138,206,235,257],"network":[31,139,207,236,258],"classification":[32,79,179,187,262,271],"algorithm":[33,263],"to":[34,40,64,68,88,150],"pixels":[36,51],"hyperspectral":[38,49,189,276],"image":[39,50,190],"accurately":[41],"discern":[42],"area.":[45],"The":[46,75,192],"spectra":[47,95],"manually":[54],"selected":[55],"region":[56],"interest":[58],"are":[59,86,97,170],"preprocessed":[60],"via":[61],"mean":[62],"removal":[63],"eliminate":[65],"interference,":[66],"due":[67],"time":[70],"interval":[71],"environment.":[74],"generalization":[76,153],"model":[80,90,127,180,196],"considered,":[82],"two":[84,116],"improvements":[85],"made":[87],"framework.":[91],"First,":[92],"pixel":[94],"data":[96,102],"reshaped":[98],"into":[99],"two-dimensional":[101,125,200],"structure":[103,255],"input":[106],"layer":[107,143,147],"Convolutional":[110],"Neural":[111],"Network":[112],"(CNN).":[113],"After":[114],"training":[115],"types":[117],"CNNs,":[119],"assessment":[121],"shows":[122,231],"that":[123,169,177,198,232,252],"CNN":[126],"more":[129],"efficient":[130],"than":[131],"one-dimensional":[133],"CNN.":[134],"Second,":[135],"hybrid":[137,234,254],"with":[140],"convolutional":[142,201],"bidirectional":[145,202],"recurrent":[146,204],"reconstructed":[149],"improve":[151],"model.":[156],"When":[157],"considering":[158],"characteristics":[160],"dataset":[163,175],"models,":[165],"confusion":[167],"matrices":[168],"based":[171],"on":[172],"testing":[174,223],"indicate":[176],"effective":[182],"background":[184],"pixels.":[191],"results":[193,250],"show":[197],"gated":[203],"unit":[205],"(2D-CNN-BidGRU)":[208],"has":[209],"an":[210,260],"F1":[211],"score":[212],"accuracy":[214],"0.75":[216],"0.743,":[218],"respectively,":[219],"total":[222],"dataset.":[224],"A":[225],"comparison":[226],"all":[228],"models":[230],"2D-CNN-BidGRU":[238],"best":[241],"at":[242],"preventing":[243],"over-fitting":[244],"optimize":[246],"generalization.":[248],"illustrate":[251],"excellent":[261],"field":[274],"imagery.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}