{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791022352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030392","title":"Validation of the SARAH-E Satellite-Based Surface Solar Radiation Estimates over India","display_name":"Validation of the SARAH-E Satellite-Based Surface Solar Radiation Estimates over India","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791022352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030392","mag":"2791022352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10030392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030392","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/3/392/pdf?version=1520050042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/3/392/pdf?version=1520050042","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083301256","display_name":"Aku Riihel\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-8792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aku Riihel\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072861884","display_name":"Viivi Kallio\u2010Myers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-1628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viivi Kallio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071965680","display_name":"Sarvesh Devraj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286858202","display_name":"Energy and Resources Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04ek06320","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286858202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarvesh Devraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286858202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081608179","display_name":"Anu Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118315836","display_name":"TERI University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rh3e906","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118315836"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anu Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj Institutional Area 10, New Delhi 110070, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj Institutional Area 10, New Delhi 110070, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118315836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070191672","display_name":"Anders V. Lindfors","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-0864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Lindfors","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palm\u00e9nin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083301256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":3.0948,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93142253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"392","last_page":"392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irradiance","display_name":"Irradiance","score":0.7092467546463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6881101727485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-irradiance","display_name":"Solar irradiance","score":0.6320062875747681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.5875174403190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.558716893196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.5538658499717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5192254185676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol","display_name":"Aerosol","score":0.5191561579704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.4759525954723358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36515599489212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.36369413137435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1914617121219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12832796573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12655231356620789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.10943219065666199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46423501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830654","display_name":"Irradiance","level":2,"score":0.7092467546463013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6881101727485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9695528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556707","display_name":"Solar irradiance","level":2,"score":0.6320062875747681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.5875174403190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.558716893196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.5538658499717712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5192254185676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.5191561579704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4759525954723358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36515599489212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.36369413137435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1914617121219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12832796573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12655231356620789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.10943219065666199}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10030392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030392","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/3/392/pdf?version=1520050042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:278fd370a7714f7398f07897c7032f0d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/278fd370a7714f7398f07897c7032f0d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 392 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/3/392/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10030392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 3; Pages: 392","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10030392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030392","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/3/392/pdf?version=1520050042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8395751580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"284536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2791022352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2791022352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W758777712","https://openalex.org/W1557303865","https://openalex.org/W1570817548","https://openalex.org/W1583832395","https://openalex.org/W1596433849","https://openalex.org/W1970047006","https://openalex.org/W1980374691","https://openalex.org/W1997684297","https://openalex.org/W1997793335","https://openalex.org/W2018963013","https://openalex.org/W2019854041","https://openalex.org/W2019997048","https://openalex.org/W2020954320","https://openalex.org/W2027614844","https://openalex.org/W2040309157","https://openalex.org/W2042541820","https://openalex.org/W2043371993","https://openalex.org/W2044694080","https://openalex.org/W2046785892","https://openalex.org/W2051527831","https://openalex.org/W2067730192","https://openalex.org/W2081322852","https://openalex.org/W2089433206","https://openalex.org/W2092205296","https://openalex.org/W2112806448","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2127157330","https://openalex.org/W2168519756","https://openalex.org/W2195301797","https://openalex.org/W2214227126","https://openalex.org/W2347134511","https://openalex.org/W2434774580","https://openalex.org/W2482034964","https://openalex.org/W2509613771","https://openalex.org/W2565795498","https://openalex.org/W2588176061","https://openalex.org/W2737593380","https://openalex.org/W6894403176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104379783","https://openalex.org/W1530649511","https://openalex.org/W3106902037","https://openalex.org/W2131174359","https://openalex.org/W4322211974","https://openalex.org/W2104775196","https://openalex.org/W2884263184","https://openalex.org/W2995848355","https://openalex.org/W1749313231","https://openalex.org/W4293569381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,35,131],"evaluate":[1,37],"the":[2,5,38,67,70,133,178,187,200,212,229,232,238,246,251],"accuracy":[3],"of":[4,27,41,59,82,92,98,123,135,150,205,231,237,245],"satellite-based":[6],"surface":[7,42,52,96],"solar":[8,43,53,99,137,206],"radiation":[9,138,207],"dataset":[10],"called":[11],"Surface":[12],"Solar":[13],"Radiation":[14],"Data":[15],"Set":[16],"-":[17],"Heliosat":[18],"(SARAH-E)":[19],"against":[20],"in":[21,29,108,177,190,199,211],"situ":[22,109],"measurements":[23,97,110,149,202],"over":[24],"a":[25,56,80,90,115,158],"variety":[26],"sites":[28],"India":[30],"between":[31,75,103,164],"1999":[32,76,104],"and":[33,77,105,111,153,166,203],"2014.":[34],"primarily":[36],"daily":[39],"means":[40],"radiation.":[44,100],"The":[45,62,162],"results":[46,63],"indicate":[47],"that":[48,69,174],"SARAH-E":[49,112,217],"consistently":[50],"overestimates":[51],"radiation,":[54],"with":[55,79,147],"mean":[57,81],"bias":[58,72,248],"21.9":[60],"W/m2.":[61],"are":[64,182,240],"complicated":[65],"by":[66,143],"fact":[68],"estimation":[71],"is":[73],"stable":[74],"2009":[78],"19.6":[83],"W/m2":[84],"but":[85,127],"increases":[86],"sharply":[87],"thereafter":[88],"as":[89,155],"result":[91],"rapidly":[93],"decreasing":[94,136],"(dimming)":[95],"In":[101],"addition,":[102],"2009,":[106],"both":[107],"estimates":[113],"described":[114],"statistically":[116],"significant":[117],"(at":[118],"95%":[119],"confidence":[120],"interval)":[121],"trend":[122],"approximately":[124],"\u22120.6":[125],"W/m2/year,":[126],"diverged":[128],"strongly":[129],"afterward.":[130],"investigated":[132],"cause":[134,230],"at":[139,220],"one":[140],"site":[141],"(Pune)":[142],"simulating":[144],"clear-sky":[145,179],"irradiance":[146,168],"local":[148],"water":[151],"vapor":[152],"aerosols":[154],"input":[156],"to":[157,170,185,226,242],"radiative":[159],"transfer":[160],"model.":[161],"relationship":[163],"simulated":[165],"measured":[167,175,191],"appeared":[169],"change":[171],"post-2009,":[172],"indicating":[173],"changes":[176],"aerosol":[180,213],"loading":[181],"not":[183],"sufficient":[184],"explain":[186],"rapid":[188],"dimming":[189],"total":[192],"irradiance.":[193],"Besides":[194],"instrumentation":[195],"biases,":[196],"possible":[197],"explanations":[198],"diverging":[201],"retrievals":[204],"may":[208],"be":[209,243],"found":[210],"climatology":[214],"used":[215],"for":[216],"generation.":[218],"However,":[219],"present,":[221],"we":[222],"have":[223],"insufficient":[224],"data":[225],"conclusively":[227],"identify":[228],"increasing":[233,247],"retrieval":[234],"bias.":[235],"Users":[236],"datasets":[239],"advised":[241],"aware":[244],"when":[249],"using":[250],"post-2009":[252],"data.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}