{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793932821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020324","title":"Combining GPS, BeiDou, and Galileo Satellite Systems for Time and Frequency Transfer Based on Carrier Phase Observations","display_name":"Combining GPS, BeiDou, and Galileo Satellite Systems for Time and Frequency Transfer Based on Carrier Phase Observations","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793932821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020324","mag":"2793932821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020324","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/324/pdf?version=1519282523","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/324/pdf?version=1519282523","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091851879","display_name":"Pengfei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-9310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China","Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020768636","display_name":"Rui Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4706-5373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Positioning and Timing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Positioning and Timing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422077","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-2953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Positioning and Timing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Positioning and Timing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Positioning and Timing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Positioning and Timing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058654389","display_name":"Yuping Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6924-659X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuping Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China","Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109485651","display_name":"Hongbin Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093645","display_name":"National Time Service Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00655qp86","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China","Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi\u2019an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020768636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210093645","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":6.8289,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97573946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"324","last_page":"324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.8383978605270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galileo","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","score":0.8295158743858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-transfer","display_name":"Time transfer","score":0.8081561326980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7899642586708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6254615783691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.6017407178878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5494786500930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5469236373901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-kinematic","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","score":0.5190354585647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5137463808059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodetic-datum","display_name":"Geodetic datum","score":0.4668745696544647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.4650275707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.4264869689941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32392916083335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20142841339111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15323400497436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.11097115278244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06651768088340759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.8383978605270386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177219330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193902","display_name":"Galileo (satellite navigation)","level":2,"score":0.8295158743858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127568405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805271","display_name":"Time transfer","level":3,"score":0.8081561326980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7899642586708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6254615783691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.6017407178878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5494786500930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5469236373901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93103318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980965","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","level":4,"score":0.5190354585647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5137463808059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58754882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502887","display_name":"Geodetic datum","level":2,"score":0.4668745696544647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.4650275707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.4264869689941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32392916083335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20142841339111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15323400497436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.11097115278244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06651768088340759}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020324","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/324/pdf?version=1519282523","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/2/324/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10020324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 324","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020324","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020324","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/324/pdf?version=1519282523","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3122978678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41504006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8576117683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41674034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2793932821.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2793932821.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W239762720","https://openalex.org/W643526462","https://openalex.org/W851352279","https://openalex.org/W1529613181","https://openalex.org/W1955475984","https://openalex.org/W1971760893","https://openalex.org/W1976378416","https://openalex.org/W1977996443","https://openalex.org/W1982055901","https://openalex.org/W1983785573","https://openalex.org/W1984917551","https://openalex.org/W1987565200","https://openalex.org/W1987813990","https://openalex.org/W1988924604","https://openalex.org/W1992097545","https://openalex.org/W1997058076","https://openalex.org/W2007536461","https://openalex.org/W2009713407","https://openalex.org/W2018905630","https://openalex.org/W2021960072","https://openalex.org/W2025483388","https://openalex.org/W2036428591","https://openalex.org/W2041706999","https://openalex.org/W2046078919","https://openalex.org/W2059307738","https://openalex.org/W2060273994","https://openalex.org/W2060822111","https://openalex.org/W2078403117","https://openalex.org/W2084389047","https://openalex.org/W2086966186","https://openalex.org/W2090526786","https://openalex.org/W2094280389","https://openalex.org/W2097729150","https://openalex.org/W2119397684","https://openalex.org/W2134600306","https://openalex.org/W2135048896","https://openalex.org/W2140148550","https://openalex.org/W2181235151","https://openalex.org/W2224372737","https://openalex.org/W2256845974","https://openalex.org/W2258873735","https://openalex.org/W2291985881","https://openalex.org/W2351330595","https://openalex.org/W2376409937","https://openalex.org/W2436377525","https://openalex.org/W2529543626","https://openalex.org/W2534853090","https://openalex.org/W2547081939","https://openalex.org/W2550760450","https://openalex.org/W2573739355","https://openalex.org/W2589194226","https://openalex.org/W2735996093","https://openalex.org/W2765532260","https://openalex.org/W2767881019","https://openalex.org/W6643245912","https://openalex.org/W6674818763","https://openalex.org/W6709527279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226150051","https://openalex.org/W2217752871","https://openalex.org/W2091112057","https://openalex.org/W2028352254","https://openalex.org/W2958450125","https://openalex.org/W4205928393","https://openalex.org/W2373524029","https://openalex.org/W3016028160","https://openalex.org/W2809006737","https://openalex.org/W3034838262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,155],"carrier-phase":[1],"(CP)":[2],"technique":[3],"based":[4,47],"on":[5,48],"the":[6,30,35,68,97,100,110,117,123,134,138,167,178,182],"Global":[7],"Navigation":[8],"Satellite":[9],"System":[10],"(GNSS)":[11],"has":[12],"proved":[13],"to":[14,28,95,149],"be":[15],"a":[16,40,43,49,128,172],"useful":[17],"spatial":[18],"tool":[19],"for":[20,39,67,187,190,194],"remote":[21],"and":[22,32,55,84,89,115,146,152,163,192],"precise":[23],"time":[24,36,41,71,91,103,118,125,169],"transfer.":[25],"In":[26],"order":[27],"improve":[29],"robustness":[31],"stability":[33,158],"of":[34,51,99,112,120,131,137,175],"transfer":[37,72,104],"solution":[38,73,141],"link,":[42,126,170],"new":[44],"CP":[45],"approach":[46],"combination":[50],"GPS,":[52,82],"BeiDou":[53],"(BDS),":[54],"Galileo":[56,85],"satellite":[57],"systems":[58],"is":[59,74,185],"proposed":[60],"in":[61],"this":[62],"study.":[63],"mathematical":[65],"model":[66],"obtained":[69],"unique":[70],"discussed.":[75],"Three":[76],"GNSS":[77,107],"stations":[78],"that":[79],"can":[80],"track":[81],"BeiDou,":[83],"satellites":[86,114],"were":[87],"used,":[88],"two":[90],"links":[92],"are":[93],"established":[94],"assess":[96],"performance":[98],"approach.":[101],"Multi-GNSS":[102],"outperforms":[105],"single":[106],"by":[108,143,160],"increasing":[109],"number":[111],"available":[113],"improving":[116],"dilution":[119],"precision.":[121],"For":[122,166],"long":[124],"with":[127,171],"geodetic":[129,173],"distance":[130,174],"7537.5":[132],"km,":[133],"RMS":[135],"value":[136],"combined":[139],"multi-system":[140],"improves":[142,159],"18.8%,":[144],"59.4%,":[145],"35.0%":[147],"compared":[148],"GPS-only,":[150,188],"BDS-only,":[151,191],"Galileo-only,":[153],"respectively.":[154,165],"average":[156],"frequency":[157],"12.9%,":[161],"62.3%,":[162],"36.0%,":[164],"short":[168],"4.7":[176],"m,":[177],"improvement":[179],"after":[180],"combining":[181],"three":[183],"GNSSs":[184],"6.7%":[186],"52.6%":[189],"38.2%":[193],"Galileo-only.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
