{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792302790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020230","title":"Sensitivity Analysis of Arctic Sea Ice Extent Trends and Statistical Projections Using Satellite Data","display_name":"Sensitivity Analysis of Arctic Sea Ice Extent Trends and Statistical Projections Using Satellite Data","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792302790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020230","mag":"2792302790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020230","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/230/pdf?version=1518068170","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/230/pdf?version=1518068170","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037859623","display_name":"Ge Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-9115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157891","display_name":"NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04r0wrp59","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210157891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166037","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites","ror":"https://ror.org/05nc0nk71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ge Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) at NOAA\u2019s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 28801, USA","Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 28801, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) at NOAA\u2019s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 28801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037","https://openalex.org/I4210157891","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 28801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037","https://openalex.org/I4210157891","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011062812","display_name":"Jessica L. Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6968-3474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157891","display_name":"NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04r0wrp59","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210157891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166037","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites","ror":"https://ror.org/05nc0nk71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) at NOAA\u2019s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 28801, USA","Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 28801, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) at NOAA\u2019s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 28801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037","https://openalex.org/I4210157891","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina (CICS-NC) at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), North Carolina State University, Asheville, NC 28801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037","https://openalex.org/I4210157891","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020913381","display_name":"Jason W. Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037859623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I4210157891","https://openalex.org/I4210166037"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.9902,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74153283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"230","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.7139690518379211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.7048166990280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.6899343132972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.6499831676483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6022735834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-geoengineering","display_name":"Arctic geoengineering","score":0.4488256573677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.2810474634170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drift-ice","display_name":"Drift ice","score":0.2652638554573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23981532454490662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.7139690518379211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.7048166990280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.6899343132972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.6499831676483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6022735834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155372631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787572","display_name":"Arctic geoengineering","level":5,"score":0.4488256573677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.2810474634170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196735533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378564","display_name":"Drift ice","level":4,"score":0.2652638554573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23981532454490662}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020230","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/230/pdf?version=1518068170","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3701e09ba50145468000a05fc8696bcb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3701e09ba50145468000a05fc8696bcb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 230 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/2/230/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10020230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020230","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/230/pdf?version=1518068170","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1222363704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA14NES432003.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7206358189","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA14NES432003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337720","funder_display_name":"National Centers for Environmental Information"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7534786822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Climate","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8483926200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA14NES432003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337720","display_name":"National Centers for Environmental Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04r0wrp59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792302790.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792302790.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1867506197","https://openalex.org/W1960586518","https://openalex.org/W1963605270","https://openalex.org/W1965671915","https://openalex.org/W1977065472","https://openalex.org/W2002015831","https://openalex.org/W2024991751","https://openalex.org/W2050519628","https://openalex.org/W2058078095","https://openalex.org/W2119958905","https://openalex.org/W2136895938","https://openalex.org/W2156739270","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2622134554","https://openalex.org/W2765309389","https://openalex.org/W4231992140","https://openalex.org/W6663196481","https://openalex.org/W6980622524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916485758","https://openalex.org/W4376636440","https://openalex.org/W2911759239","https://openalex.org/W2872940795","https://openalex.org/W1532012884","https://openalex.org/W2158589635","https://openalex.org/W2190266292","https://openalex.org/W2025341749","https://openalex.org/W4287332598","https://openalex.org/W2902407688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ice-free":[1,32,47,98,119,159,187,214],"Arctic":[2,22,33,46,85,99,118,158,186,215],"summer":[3,34,48,120,160,188,216],"would":[4],"have":[5],"pronounced":[6],"impacts":[7],"on":[8,104],"global":[9],"climate,":[10],"coastal":[11],"habitats,":[12],"national":[13],"security,":[14],"and":[15,20,56,89,170,175,179,210],"the":[16,28,38,44,61,79,93,105,109,116,131,134,152,156,184,199,211],"shipping":[17],"industry.":[18],"Rapid":[19],"accelerated":[21],"sea":[23,73,86],"ice":[24,74,87],"loss":[25],"has":[26],"placed":[27],"reality":[29],"of":[30,43,81,84,92,96,108,113,130,144,155,183,207],"an":[31,70,97],"even":[35],"closer":[36],"to":[37,128,163,196,198],"present":[39],"day.":[40],"Accurate":[41],"projection":[42,62,102],"first":[45,94,117,157,185,213],"year":[49,121,161,189,217],"is":[50],"extremely":[51],"important":[52],"for":[53,166,177],"business":[54],"planning":[55],"climate":[57],"change":[58],"mitigation,":[59],"but":[60],"can":[63],"be":[64,164],"affected":[65],"by":[66,190],"many":[67],"factors.":[68],"Using":[69],"inter-calibrated":[71],"satellite":[72],"product,":[75],"this":[76],"article":[77],"examines":[78],"sensitivity":[80,142],"decadal":[82],"trends":[83],"extent":[88],"statistical":[90,193],"projections":[91],"occurrence":[95],"summer.":[100],"The":[101,138],"based":[103],"linear":[106,171,178],"trend":[107,132],"last":[110,135],"20":[111],"years":[112,125],"data":[114],"places":[115],"at":[122,218],"2036,":[123],"12":[124],"earlier":[126,165],"compared":[127],"that":[129,151],"over":[133],"30":[136],"years.":[137],"results":[139],"from":[140],"a":[141,205],"analysis":[143],"six":[145,192],"commonly":[146],"used":[147],"curve-fitting":[148],"models":[149,194],"show":[150],"projected":[153],"timings":[154],"tend":[162],"exponential,":[167],"Gompertz,":[168],"quadratic,":[169],"with":[172,204],"lag":[173],"fittings,":[174],"later":[176],"log":[180],"fittings.":[181],"Projections":[182],"all":[191],"appear":[195],"converge":[197],"2037":[200],"\u00b1":[201],"6":[202],"timeframe,":[203],"spread":[206],"17":[208],"years,":[209],"earliest":[212],"2031.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}