{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765080032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020214","title":"A Controlled-Site Comparison of Microwave Tomography and Time-Reversal Imaging Techniques for GPR Surveys","display_name":"A Controlled-Site Comparison of Microwave Tomography and Time-Reversal Imaging Techniques for GPR Surveys","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765080032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020214","mag":"2765080032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020214","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/214/pdf?version=1518068079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/214/pdf?version=1518068079","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028404811","display_name":"Vin\u00edcius Rafael Neris dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-526X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127547","display_name":"Sociedade Brasileira de Geof\u00edsica","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5rpx40","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127547"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vinicius Dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Geofisica, Instituto de Astronomia, Geof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias Atmosf\u00e9ricas (IAG), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Geofisica, Instituto de Astronomia, Geof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias Atmosf\u00e9ricas (IAG), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127547","https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027004904","display_name":"Emerson Rodrigo Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1942-4239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127547","display_name":"Sociedade Brasileira de Geof\u00edsica","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5rpx40","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127547"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emerson Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Geofisica, Instituto de Astronomia, Geof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias Atmosf\u00e9ricas (IAG), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Geofisica, Instituto de Astronomia, Geof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias Atmosf\u00e9ricas (IAG), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127547","https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047056739","display_name":"Jorge Lu\u00eds Porsani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-1812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127547","display_name":"Sociedade Brasileira de Geof\u00edsica","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5rpx40","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127547"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Porsani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Geofisica, Instituto de Astronomia, Geof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias Atmosf\u00e9ricas (IAG), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Geofisica, Instituto de Astronomia, Geof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias Atmosf\u00e9ricas (IAG), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127547","https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016027781","display_name":"Fernando L. Teixeira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-1462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Teixeira","raw_affiliation_strings":["ElectroScience Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ElectroScience Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081849411","display_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-3127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["IREA-CNR, Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IREA-CNR, Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028404811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374","https://openalex.org/I4210127547"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":0.4998,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65084012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"214","last_page":"214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.9308310747146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.619929313659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.559394896030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.5286752581596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5054287910461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-site","display_name":"Test site","score":0.4714844226837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4506542682647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"Data processing","score":0.41617390513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.22051453590393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15465694665908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11291098594665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08214277029037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.055177390575408936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.9308310747146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.619929313659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.559394896030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.5286752581596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5054287910461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983696493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705730","display_name":"Test site","level":2,"score":0.4714844226837158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4506542682647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.41617390513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.22051453590393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15465694665908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11291098594665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08214277029037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.055177390575408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020214","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/214/pdf?version=1518068079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:002905211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"instacron:USP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:665137c0ba8e4476ba005a55736076c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/665137c0ba8e4476ba005a55736076c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 214 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020214","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/214/pdf?version=1518068079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3572101131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4331651848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015/50488-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4402799499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G502449541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013/12606-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5398021146","display_name":"Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o geof\u00edsica de alvos rasos com aplica\u00e7\u00f5es no planejamento urbano, meio ambiente e arqueologia: estudo sobre o s\u00edtio controlado do IAG/USP","funder_award_id":"02/07509-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6499150368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014/18209-6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033595370","display_name":"Nordeste: new science for a neglected biome","funder_award_id":"15/50488-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7749388918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011/21013-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2765080032.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2765080032.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514248469","https://openalex.org/W1566401598","https://openalex.org/W1980206609","https://openalex.org/W1982764783","https://openalex.org/W1992748740","https://openalex.org/W1999530355","https://openalex.org/W1999757208","https://openalex.org/W2004251455","https://openalex.org/W2005960247","https://openalex.org/W2020011799","https://openalex.org/W2020717058","https://openalex.org/W2023821944","https://openalex.org/W2052917934","https://openalex.org/W2060815510","https://openalex.org/W2063777496","https://openalex.org/W2065773257","https://openalex.org/W2070596432","https://openalex.org/W2076039505","https://openalex.org/W2078002326","https://openalex.org/W2078540429","https://openalex.org/W2087401610","https://openalex.org/W2093361576","https://openalex.org/W2095310813","https://openalex.org/W2098027777","https://openalex.org/W2105771969","https://openalex.org/W2108005402","https://openalex.org/W2109112241","https://openalex.org/W2112625602","https://openalex.org/W2113526315","https://openalex.org/W2119759306","https://openalex.org/W2121928309","https://openalex.org/W2127322659","https://openalex.org/W2128508537","https://openalex.org/W2136517029","https://openalex.org/W2140888209","https://openalex.org/W2142825035","https://openalex.org/W2143341492","https://openalex.org/W2149918662","https://openalex.org/W2151141851","https://openalex.org/W2159498074","https://openalex.org/W2164393577","https://openalex.org/W2164663617","https://openalex.org/W2165536307","https://openalex.org/W2166423177","https://openalex.org/W2181920458","https://openalex.org/W2288265006","https://openalex.org/W2317748752","https://openalex.org/W2558444347","https://openalex.org/W2594370140","https://openalex.org/W3102022877","https://openalex.org/W4211173487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W2356236671","https://openalex.org/W2109501679","https://openalex.org/W2161832332","https://openalex.org/W2081804165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,33,73],"comparative":[4],"study":[5],"between":[6],"microwave":[7],"tomography":[8],"and":[9,47,67],"synthetic":[10],"time-reversal":[11],"imaging":[12],"techniques":[13,57],"as":[14],"applied":[15],"to":[16,60],"ground":[17],"penetrating":[18],"radar":[19],"(GPR)":[20],"surveys.":[21],"The":[22],"comparison":[23],"is":[24,52],"carried":[25],"out":[26],"by":[27],"processing":[28],"experimental":[29],"data":[30],"collected":[31],"at":[32,43],"controlled":[34],"test":[35],"site,":[36],"with":[37],"different":[38],"types":[39],"of":[40,69],"buried":[41],"targets":[42,71],"given":[44],"subsurface":[45],"depths":[46],"representative":[48],"soil":[49],"conditions.":[50],"It":[51],"shown":[53],"that":[54],"the":[55,70],"two":[56],"allow":[58],"us":[59],"obtain":[61],"complementary":[62],"information":[63],"about":[64],"position,":[65],"depth":[66],"size":[68],"from":[72],"single":[74],"GPR":[75],"survey.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
