{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793366794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020207","title":"Spectral Properties of Coniferous Forests: A Review of In Situ and Laboratory Measurements","display_name":"Spectral Properties of Coniferous Forests: A Review of In Situ and Laboratory Measurements","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793366794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020207","mag":"2793366794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020207","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079472711","display_name":"Miina Rautiainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-3258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miina Rautiainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland","Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089681679","display_name":"Petr Luke\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3707-6557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112497","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Global Change Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5hek98","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210112497"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Luke\u0161","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Change Research Institute CAS, B\u011blidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, The Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Change Research Institute CAS, B\u011blidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, The Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031320865","display_name":"Lucie Homolov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7455-2834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112497","display_name":"Czech Academy of Sciences, Global Change Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5hek98","country_code":"CZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202391551","https://openalex.org/I4210112497"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucie Homolov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Change Research Institute CAS, B\u011blidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, The Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Change Research Institute CAS, B\u011blidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, The Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016914950","display_name":"Aarne Hovi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-5279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aarne Hovi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077479187","display_name":"Jan P\u00edsek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-2072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841028","display_name":"Tartu Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04mc23283","country_code":"EE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172656520","https://openalex.org/I2802841028","https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Pisek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Observatooriumi 1, T\u00f5ravere, 61602 Tartumaa, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Observatooriumi 1, T\u00f5ravere, 61602 Tartumaa, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841028","https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038721631","display_name":"Matti M\u00f5ttus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-1966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti M\u00f5ttus","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079472711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":16.0413,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":142,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99431851,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"207","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5461391806602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ","display_name":"In situ","score":0.5372995734214783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4465121626853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.28150689601898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16092875599861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.12839293479919434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5461391806602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777822432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216681","display_name":"In situ","level":2,"score":0.5372995734214783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4465121626853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28150689601898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16092875599861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.12839293479919434}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/30303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/207","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/207/pdf?version=1517327592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df7e446f43a743c99c8ca924a2309896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df7e446f43a743c99c8ca924a2309896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 207 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/2/207/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10020207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 207","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1619667851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13286390 and 266152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2390431493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Mobilitas Pluss MOBERC-11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","funder_display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3069486967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GJ17-05608Y and 17-05743S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321006","funder_display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5456096194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PUT1355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","funder_display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8078433321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LO1415","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321005","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321005","display_name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","ror":"https://ror.org/037n8p820"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321006","display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/01pv73b02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321090","display_name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjeja18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116253160","https://openalex.org/W138656293","https://openalex.org/W298327788","https://openalex.org/W338044343","https://openalex.org/W1525614698","https://openalex.org/W1819217904","https://openalex.org/W1964462201","https://openalex.org/W1972411460","https://openalex.org/W1972878094","https://openalex.org/W1973868065","https://openalex.org/W1977084785","https://openalex.org/W1978915895","https://openalex.org/W1982630251","https://openalex.org/W1984013872","https://openalex.org/W1984823855","https://openalex.org/W1987604918","https://openalex.org/W1989896442","https://openalex.org/W1993192512","https://openalex.org/W1997731494","https://openalex.org/W1998967277","https://openalex.org/W1999123671","https://openalex.org/W2000852813","https://openalex.org/W2002805687","https://openalex.org/W2004298400","https://openalex.org/W2004729818","https://openalex.org/W2006448900","https://openalex.org/W2010887926","https://openalex.org/W2011054138","https://openalex.org/W2015639658","https://openalex.org/W2025097322","https://openalex.org/W2025815222","https://openalex.org/W2026188923","https://openalex.org/W2026637525","https://openalex.org/W2027413733","https://openalex.org/W2029376787","https://openalex.org/W2032310344","https://openalex.org/W2033547198","https://openalex.org/W2033798492","https://openalex.org/W2034818456","https://openalex.org/W2036821603","https://openalex.org/W2037212214","https://openalex.org/W2040748182","https://openalex.org/W2045953739","https://openalex.org/W2049299109","https://openalex.org/W2050921923","https://openalex.org/W2052291533","https://openalex.org/W2053373080","https://openalex.org/W2058214432","https://openalex.org/W2064552842","https://openalex.org/W2073317899","https://openalex.org/W2075657391","https://openalex.org/W2076684180","https://openalex.org/W2076795419","https://openalex.org/W2077321308","https://openalex.org/W2081578293","https://openalex.org/W2090172785","https://openalex.org/W2091902428","https://openalex.org/W2091956862","https://openalex.org/W2098065523","https://openalex.org/W2105756833","https://openalex.org/W2112732795","https://openalex.org/W2115597201","https://openalex.org/W2117980669","https://openalex.org/W2118199443","https://openalex.org/W2120367136","https://openalex.org/W2120372304","https://openalex.org/W2125257725","https://openalex.org/W2125865984","https://openalex.org/W2128204535","https://openalex.org/W2129804846","https://openalex.org/W2132041750","https://openalex.org/W2133506218","https://openalex.org/W2134213291","https://openalex.org/W2141776924","https://openalex.org/W2141802517","https://openalex.org/W2143680202","https://openalex.org/W2144153036","https://openalex.org/W2151628934","https://openalex.org/W2151659169","https://openalex.org/W2151896708","https://openalex.org/W2153398128","https://openalex.org/W2157453835","https://openalex.org/W2158301206","https://openalex.org/W2159496320","https://openalex.org/W2170671734","https://openalex.org/W2257011234","https://openalex.org/W2334074831","https://openalex.org/W2335169348","https://openalex.org/W2346209953","https://openalex.org/W2347430718","https://openalex.org/W2417432625","https://openalex.org/W2494525631","https://openalex.org/W2508023042","https://openalex.org/W2546209715","https://openalex.org/W2548357517","https://openalex.org/W2555812312","https://openalex.org/W2570821834","https://openalex.org/W2606228910","https://openalex.org/W2606412288","https://openalex.org/W2612925926","https://openalex.org/W2755249989","https://openalex.org/W2759257032","https://openalex.org/W2792472813","https://openalex.org/W3089027697","https://openalex.org/W4239219066","https://openalex.org/W6650325002","https://openalex.org/W6668900611","https://openalex.org/W6675681482","https://openalex.org/W6731946909","https://openalex.org/W6888438645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W2335669366","https://openalex.org/W2582639636","https://openalex.org/W4362710790","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2071845691","https://openalex.org/W1969285554","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W2334792489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coniferous":[0],"species":[1],"are":[2,14],"present":[3],"in":[4,18,79,87,110,123,145],"almost":[5],"all":[6],"major":[7],"vegetation":[8],"biomes":[9],"on":[10,91,127],"Earth,":[11],"though":[12],"they":[13,23],"the":[15,19,25,33,49,58,73,124,146],"most":[16],"abundant":[17],"northern":[20,26],"hemisphere,":[21],"where":[22],"form":[24],"tree":[27],"and":[28,41,53,76,84,109,114],"forest":[29],"lines":[30],"close":[31],"to":[32,48],"Arctic":[34],"Circle.":[35],"Monitoring":[36],"coniferous":[37,68,88,101,132],"forests":[38,133],"with":[39],"satellite":[40],"airborne":[42],"remote":[43],"sensing":[44],"is":[45],"active,":[46],"due":[47],"forests\u2019":[50],"great":[51],"ecological":[52],"economic":[54],"importance.":[55],"We":[56,70],"review":[57],"current":[59,125],"understanding":[60],"of":[61,64,121,129],"spectral":[62],"behavior":[63],"different":[65,106,111],"components":[66],"forming":[67,131],"forests.":[69],"look":[71],"at":[72,105],"spatial,":[74],"directional,":[75],"seasonal":[77],"variations":[78],"needle,":[80],"shoot,":[81],"woody":[82],"element,":[83],"understory":[85],"spectra":[86,103,128],"forests,":[89],"based":[90],"measurements.":[92],"Through":[93],"selected":[94],"case":[95],"studies,":[96],"we":[97,117],"also":[98,136],"demonstrate":[99],"how":[100],"canopy":[102],"vary":[104],"spatial":[107],"scales,":[108],"viewing":[112],"angles":[113],"seasons.":[115],"Finally,":[116],"provide":[118],"a":[119,139],"synthesis":[120],"gaps":[122],"knowledge":[126],"elements":[130],"that":[134],"could":[135],"serve":[137],"as":[138],"recommendation":[140],"for":[141],"planning":[142],"scientific":[143],"efforts":[144],"future.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2018-03-29T00:00:00"}
