{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2787334870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020202","title":"Modelling Water Stress in a Shiraz Vineyard Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning","display_name":"Modelling Water Stress in a Shiraz Vineyard Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2787334870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020202","mag":"2787334870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020202","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/202/pdf?version=1517298137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/202/pdf?version=1517298137","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006664919","display_name":"Kyle Loggenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4954-3642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Loggenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033719285","display_name":"A.E. Strever","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-7934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Strever","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033707247","display_name":"Berno Theo Greyling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berno Greyling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035012308","display_name":"Nitesh Poona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9369-4926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nitesh Poona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035012308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":13.8535,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":152,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98655688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"202","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.932221531867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vineyard","display_name":"Vineyard","score":0.6864987015724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-spectrometer","display_name":"Imaging spectrometer","score":0.6091490983963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5814834237098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5021088123321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.48806583881378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.46124619245529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42648395895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41175174713134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3322122395038605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrometer","display_name":"Spectrometer","score":0.11808595061302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1156056821346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11474674940109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07149684429168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.07101818919181824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.932221531867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780924976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22715","display_name":"Vineyard","level":2,"score":0.6864987015724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183852935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002848","display_name":"Imaging spectrometer","level":3,"score":0.6091490983963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5814834237098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5021088123321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.48806583881378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.46124619245529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42648395895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41175174713134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3322122395038605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.11808595061302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1156056821346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11474674940109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07149684429168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.07101818919181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020202","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/202/pdf?version=1517298137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3761fd53b88e450ea8155c4982d527bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3761fd53b88e450ea8155c4982d527bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 202 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2072-4292/10/2/202/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10020202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/103097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/103097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs10020202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020202","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/202/pdf?version=1517298137","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2787334870.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2787334870.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1177008512","https://openalex.org/W1442930683","https://openalex.org/W1445573965","https://openalex.org/W1498671692","https://openalex.org/W1522139170","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1926200979","https://openalex.org/W1982621055","https://openalex.org/W1996801667","https://openalex.org/W2004553299","https://openalex.org/W2007146840","https://openalex.org/W2012838735","https://openalex.org/W2014953904","https://openalex.org/W2029282662","https://openalex.org/W2038782607","https://openalex.org/W2045548665","https://openalex.org/W2053940158","https://openalex.org/W2062982970","https://openalex.org/W2067138474","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2073786624","https://openalex.org/W2098057602","https://openalex.org/W2099206930","https://openalex.org/W2108544744","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2109628770","https://openalex.org/W2117701019","https://openalex.org/W2124517315","https://openalex.org/W2134346724","https://openalex.org/W2138499468","https://openalex.org/W2139034598","https://openalex.org/W2153958436","https://openalex.org/W2154636369","https://openalex.org/W2155261478","https://openalex.org/W2168481151","https://openalex.org/W2183783679","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2276930547","https://openalex.org/W2290941980","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2315866789","https://openalex.org/W2512329828","https://openalex.org/W2551654477","https://openalex.org/W2555971453","https://openalex.org/W2561843522","https://openalex.org/W2601792614","https://openalex.org/W2603461228","https://openalex.org/W2606665849","https://openalex.org/W2610284756","https://openalex.org/W2610769726","https://openalex.org/W2625496244","https://openalex.org/W2734526165","https://openalex.org/W2739303989","https://openalex.org/W2739312105","https://openalex.org/W2765740707","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3102536505","https://openalex.org/W4245539475","https://openalex.org/W4251036056","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6629911222","https://openalex.org/W6677716856","https://openalex.org/W6744800810","https://openalex.org/W6869608176","https://openalex.org/W6869881852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2746742660","https://openalex.org/W2082586825","https://openalex.org/W2561005839","https://openalex.org/W2119473622","https://openalex.org/W2474469778","https://openalex.org/W2944460852","https://openalex.org/W2138540356","https://openalex.org/W2171464537","https://openalex.org/W1529476013","https://openalex.org/W2079298906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,168,183],"detection":[1],"of":[2,14,19,73,77,114,126,134,159,188],"water":[3,38,202],"stress":[4,203],"in":[5,11,142],"vineyards":[6],"plays":[7],"an":[8],"integral":[9],"role":[10],"the":[12,71,99,132,157,161,165,172,186],"sustainability":[13],"high-quality":[15],"grapes":[16],"and":[17,52,60,86,121,152,192],"prevention":[18],"devastating":[20],"crop":[21],"loses.":[22],"Hyperspectral":[23],"remote":[24],"sensing":[25],"technologies":[26],"combined":[27],"with":[28],"machine":[29,193],"learning":[30,194],"provides":[31],"a":[32,74,111,123,197],"practical":[33],"means":[34],"for":[35,57,149,200],"modelling":[36],"vineyard":[37,201],"stress.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"study,":[42],"we":[43,69],"applied":[44],"two":[45],"ensemble":[46,94],"learners,":[47],"i.e.,":[48],"random":[49],"forest":[50],"(RF)":[51],"extreme":[53],"gradient":[54],"boosting":[55],"(XGBoost),":[56],"discriminating":[58],"stressed":[59],"non-stressed":[61],"Shiraz":[62],"vines":[63],"using":[64,80,103,164],"terrestrial":[65,189],"hyperspectral":[66,100,190],"imaging.":[67],"Additionally,":[68],"evaluated":[70],"utility":[72],"spectral":[75,162],"subset":[76,133],"wavebands,":[78],"derived":[79],"RF":[81,109,151],"mean":[82],"decrease":[83],"accuracy":[84,113,125,143],"(MDA)":[85],"XGBoost":[87,122],"gain.":[88],"Our":[89],"results":[90,169,184],"show":[91],"that":[92,171],"both":[93,150],"learners":[95],"can":[96],"effectively":[97],"analyse":[98],"data.":[101],"When":[102],"all":[104],"wavebands":[105,135],"(p":[106,136],"=":[107,119,129,137],"176),":[108],"produced":[110,139],"test":[112,124],"83.3%":[115],"(KHAT":[116,128],"(kappa":[117],"analysis)":[118],"0.67),":[120],"80.0%":[127],"0.6).":[130],"Using":[131],"18)":[138],"slight":[140],"increases":[141],"ranging":[144],"from":[145,179],"1.7%":[146],"to":[147,181,195],"5.5%":[148],"XGBoost.":[153],"We":[154],"further":[155],"investigated":[156],"effect":[158],"smoothing":[160],"data":[163],"Savitzky-Golay":[166,173],"filter.":[167],"indicated":[170],"filter":[174],"reduced":[175],"model":[176],"accuracies":[177],"(ranging":[178],"0.7%":[180],"3.3%).":[182],"demonstrate":[185],"feasibility":[187],"imagery":[191],"create":[196],"semi-automated":[198],"framework":[199],"modelling.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}