{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162532121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15060105","title":"An Intelligent Loading System for Standardized Mining Material Transportation Based on Multimodal Perception and Multi-Arm Collaboration","display_name":"An Intelligent Loading System for Standardized Mining Material Transportation Based on Multimodal Perception and Multi-Arm Collaboration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162532121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15060105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics15060105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15060105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15060105","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100672233","display_name":"Yaohui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6262-7450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101009","display_name":"Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00y3jnz30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101009"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaohui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huaneng Coal Technology Research Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China","School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huaneng Coal Technology Research Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101009"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110986955","display_name":"Sheng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0908-272X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112681670","display_name":"Hongbo Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113292433","display_name":"Ao Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119220296","display_name":"Chenyang Lou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyang Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137142497","display_name":"Zhidong Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130022","display_name":"Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03b2atp15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130022"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhidong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhalainuoer Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Manzhouli 021410, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhalainuoer Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Manzhouli 021410, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137160616","display_name":"Xinyuan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyuan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004254583","display_name":"Guangrong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9336-9090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154341788","display_name":"Tangshan College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rfn0469","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154341788"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangrong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Jiaotong University, Tangshan 063000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9336-9090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Jiaotong University, Tangshan 063000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154341788","https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5957923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"105","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.16040000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.16040000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13341","display_name":"Belt Conveyor Systems Engineering","score":0.13989999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13065","display_name":"Mining Techniques and Economics","score":0.07289999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.5814999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-programming","display_name":"Modular programming","score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguard","display_name":"Safeguard","score":0.3806999921798706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.5814999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88482812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453666","display_name":"Modular programming","level":2,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780771206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271761","display_name":"Safeguard","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11394606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1972552","display_name":"Hydraulic machinery","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201004817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707071","display_name":"Guidance system","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics15060105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15060105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4782190e4ce6469ead11b0dedce54bb3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4782190e4ce6469ead11b0dedce54bb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 105 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics15060105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15060105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.45512035489082336}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2964503738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62303048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974035700","https://openalex.org/W4205098665","https://openalex.org/W4391229259","https://openalex.org/W4396664949","https://openalex.org/W4410630396","https://openalex.org/W4410786382","https://openalex.org/W7123349468","https://openalex.org/W7127149834","https://openalex.org/W7148890333"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"mining":[1,52,260],"material":[2,53],"transportation":[3,54,68,256],"in":[4,35,221],"warehouses":[5],"relies":[6],"heavily":[7],"on":[8,56,119,161,185],"manual":[9],"operations,":[10],"which":[11],"pose":[12],"safety":[13,231],"hazards":[14],"and":[15,20,33,59,69,81,88,94,102,106,125,130,156,166,196,224,232,237,246,257,262],"suffer":[16],"from":[17],"low":[18],"standardization":[19,121],"automation.":[21],"Existing":[22],"automated":[23,175,203],"attempts":[24],"using":[25],"single-sensor":[26],"perception":[27,58,104,153,219],"or":[28],"single-arm":[29],"manipulators":[30],"lack":[31],"robustness":[32],"adaptability":[34],"harsh":[36],"mine":[37],"environments.":[38],"To":[39],"address":[40],"these":[41],"gaps,":[42],"this":[43],"paper":[44],"proposes":[45],"an":[46],"intelligent":[47],"loading":[48,70],"system":[49,71,115,218,241],"for":[50,147,174,254],"standardized":[51,78,113,255],"based":[55,160,184],"multimodal":[57,152],"multi-arm":[60],"collaboration.":[61],"First,":[62],"the":[63,67,120,123,131,138,144,148,226,235,240],"overall":[64],"architecture":[65],"of":[66,122,133,205,239,259],"is":[72,116,168,189,213],"introduced,":[73],"comprising":[74],"five":[75],"modules:":[76],"a":[77,85,91,97,103,112,151,179,192,197,252,264],"carrier":[79,128],"platform":[80,129],"modular":[82],"transport":[83,134,206],"boxes,":[84,135],"box":[86],"locking":[87,139],"spreader":[89],"module,":[90,96,101],"multi-sensor":[92],"recognition":[93,157],"positioning":[95,158],"multi-manipulator":[98,180],"collaborative":[99,181,198],"loading/unloading":[100,204],"feedback":[105,173],"(human-controlled)":[107],"overhead":[108],"crane":[109],"module.":[110],"Next,":[111],"hardware":[114,145],"designed,":[117],"focusing":[118],"separable":[124],"easily":[126],"detachable":[127],"modularization":[132],"along":[136],"with":[137],"mechanism":[140],"between":[141],"them,":[142],"establishing":[143],"foundation":[146,253],"system.":[149],"Subsequently,":[150],"data":[154,220],"fusion":[155],"technology":[159,183],"multiple":[162],"depth":[163],"cameras,":[164],"UWB,":[165],"IMU":[167],"investigated":[169],"to":[170,201,216],"provide":[171],"perceptual":[172],"loading/unloading.":[176],"Following":[177],"this,":[178],"control":[182,199,225],"multi-agent":[186],"error":[187],"consensus":[188],"developed,":[190],"designing":[191],"\u201ctwo-master,":[193],"two-slave\u201d":[194],"structure":[195],"algorithm":[200],"achieve":[202],"boxes.":[207],"An":[208],"information-based":[209],"interactive":[210],"monitoring":[211],"software":[212],"then":[214],"designed":[215],"monitor":[217],"real":[222],"time":[223],"system\u2019s":[227],"operational":[228],"status,":[229],"ensuring":[230],"controllability.":[233],"Finally,":[234],"feasibility":[236],"effectiveness":[238],"are":[242],"validated":[243],"through":[244],"simulations":[245],"prototype":[247],"experiments.":[248],"This":[249],"work":[250],"provides":[251],"storage":[258],"materials":[261],"outlines":[263],"practical":[265],"system-level":[266],"approach.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-05-28T00:00:00"}