{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128703541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15020041","title":"An Autonomous Robotic System for Object Retrieval and Delivery: Enhancing Independence for Users Living with Disability and Older Adults","display_name":"An Autonomous Robotic System for Object Retrieval and Delivery: Enhancing Independence for Users Living with Disability and Older Adults","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128703541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15020041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics15020041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15020041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/15/2/41/pdf?version=1770906086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/15/2/41/pdf?version=1770906086","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121263312","display_name":"Jincheng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71792333","display_name":"University of Detroit Mercy","ror":"https://ror.org/0037qsh65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jincheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125726460","display_name":"Chenghao Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71792333","display_name":"University of Detroit Mercy","ror":"https://ror.org/0037qsh65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124415329","display_name":"Amna Mazen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amna Mazen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA","Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-8134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computing, College of Computing, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030288270","display_name":"Youssef A. Bazzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71792333","display_name":"University of Detroit Mercy","ror":"https://ror.org/0037qsh65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youssef A. Bazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71792333"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124415329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13069732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"41","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.47290000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.47290000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.08110000193119049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.03909999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6391000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6204000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-avoidance","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot-navigation","display_name":"Mobile robot navigation","score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotic-arm","display_name":"Robotic arm","score":0.3626999855041504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6391000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6204000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6026999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5763000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.48159998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26990112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887224","display_name":"Mobile robot navigation","level":5,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150415221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40687","display_name":"Robotic arm","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778835581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916098","display_name":"Autonomous robot","level":4,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168402607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072119","display_name":"Personal robot","level":5,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780700307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1373709","display_name":"Independent living","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178718744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2350070","display_name":"Voice command device","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics15020041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15020041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/15/2/41/pdf?version=1770906086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.mtu.edu:michigantech-p2-3454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p2/2393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Tech Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c3b1e203d664a06954ba9d59c40a940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c3b1e203d664a06954ba9d59c40a940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 41 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics15020041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics15020041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/15/2/41/pdf?version=1770906086","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5613236427307129,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128703541.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128703541.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565402342","https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W2031527333","https://openalex.org/W2071796842","https://openalex.org/W2117211893","https://openalex.org/W2124337030","https://openalex.org/W2127578024","https://openalex.org/W2141664020","https://openalex.org/W2166166917","https://openalex.org/W2565233142","https://openalex.org/W2572756133","https://openalex.org/W3106679113","https://openalex.org/W3215912778","https://openalex.org/W4281648654","https://openalex.org/W4309308434","https://openalex.org/W4312039613","https://openalex.org/W4323572372","https://openalex.org/W4388868640","https://openalex.org/W4390638513","https://openalex.org/W4392366576"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,45,56,64,72,85,137,150,156,167,208],"global":[2],"population":[3],"ages,":[4],"there":[5],"is":[6,42],"a":[7,23,115,123,163,179,197,215],"growing":[8],"need":[9],"for":[10,30,61,68,77,201],"assistive":[11,27,205],"technologies":[12,213],"to":[13,95,106],"help":[14],"older":[15],"adults":[16],"maintain":[17],"their":[18,190],"independence.":[19],"This":[20],"work":[21],"presents":[22],"cost-effective":[24,216],"autonomous":[25,62,127],"socially":[26],"robot":[28,60,86,146],"designed":[29],"object":[31,78,141],"retrieval":[32],"and":[33,51,71,80,109,129,143,148,172,217],"delivery,":[34],"enhancing":[35],"accessibility":[36],"in":[37,162,170,204],"home":[38,164],"environments.":[39],"The":[40,145,176,193],"system":[41],"built":[43],"on":[44,114],"Robot":[46],"Operating":[47],"System":[48],"(ROS)":[49],"framework":[50],"integrates":[52],"three":[53],"key":[54],"components:":[55],"Pioneer":[57,119],"P3-DX":[58],"mobile":[59],"navigation,":[63],"ReactorX-200":[65],"robotic":[66],"arm":[67],"pick-and-place":[69],"operations,":[70],"Kinect":[73,133],"v2":[74],"RGB-D":[75],"camera":[76],"detection":[79],"localization.":[81,144],"Users":[82],"interact":[83],"with":[84,122,136],"through":[87],"natural":[88],"language":[89],"processing":[90],"by":[91],"issuing":[92],"voice":[93],"commands":[94,105],"retrieve":[96],"various":[97],"objects.":[98,175],"Microsoft":[99],"Azure-powered":[100],"speech":[101],"recognition":[102,142],"processes":[103],"these":[104],"extract":[107],"keywords":[108],"then":[110],"localize":[111],"requested":[112,152,174],"objects":[113,153],"predefined":[116],"building":[117],"map.":[118],"P3-DX,":[120],"equipped":[121],"Hokuyo":[124],"LiDAR,":[125],"enables":[126],"navigation":[128],"obstacle":[130],"avoidance,":[131],"while":[132,154],"v2,":[134],"integrated":[135],"YOLOv8":[138],"algorithm,":[139],"facilitates":[140],"retrieves":[147],"delivers":[149],"user\u2019s":[151],"following":[155],"shortest":[157],"available":[158],"path.":[159],"Experimental":[160],"evaluations":[161],"environment":[165],"demonstrate":[166],"system\u2019s":[168],"effectiveness":[169],"identifying":[171],"retrieving":[173],"subsystems":[177],"achieve":[178],"success":[180],"rate":[181],"of":[182,199,211],"85\u201395%":[183],"across":[184],"more":[185],"than":[186],"50":[187],"runs,":[188],"highlighting":[189],"strong":[191],"performance.":[192],"proposed":[194],"approach":[195],"provides":[196],"proof":[198],"concept":[200],"future":[202],"advancements":[203],"robotics,":[206],"demonstrating":[207],"seamless":[209],"integration":[210],"advanced":[212],"into":[214],"user-friendly":[218],"platform.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-02-13T00:00:00"}