{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415672982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14110159","title":"A Comprehensive Review of Sensing, Control, and Networking in Agricultural Robots: From Perception to Coordination","display_name":"A Comprehensive Review of Sensing, Control, and Networking in Agricultural Robots: From Perception to Coordination","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415672982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14110159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics14110159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14110159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14110159","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117704390","display_name":"Chijioke Leonard Nkwocha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chijioke Leonard Nkwocha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA","Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4039-0770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104078641","display_name":"Adeayo Adewumi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adeayo Adewumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5743-3549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094039924","display_name":"Samuel O. Folorunsho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Oluwadare Folorunsho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial & Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial & Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018559398","display_name":"Chrisantus Eze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-4316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chrisantus Eze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-4316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050396172","display_name":"Pius Jjagwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-3725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pius Jjagwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-3725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099045198","display_name":"James Kemeshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3319-3862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Kemeshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3319-3862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387180","display_name":"Ning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-395X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-395X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5117704390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287","https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":13.742,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98900768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"159","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.7890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.7890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.5205000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"Food security","score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"Sustainable development","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.6208000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.5205000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.45210000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777362162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5594431","display_name":"Grand Challenges","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54924851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054","display_name":"Sustainable agriculture","level":3,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics14110159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14110159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/139778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/139778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:28db2ac6a09b42648ec5414fd8309e7d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/28db2ac6a09b42648ec5414fd8309e7d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 14, Iss 11, p 159 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics14110159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14110159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4011740986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23-0179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":217,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W994649640","https://openalex.org/W1535260751","https://openalex.org/W1559528524","https://openalex.org/W2007018930","https://openalex.org/W2020283180","https://openalex.org/W2072611758","https://openalex.org/W2124770562","https://openalex.org/W2226811997","https://openalex.org/W2238589392","https://openalex.org/W2291087457","https://openalex.org/W2332761829","https://openalex.org/W2394554376","https://openalex.org/W2396098103","https://openalex.org/W2467954037","https://openalex.org/W2472944192","https://openalex.org/W2490058170","https://openalex.org/W2534949152","https://openalex.org/W2571043451","https://openalex.org/W2571871533","https://openalex.org/W2607389849","https://openalex.org/W2734879210","https://openalex.org/W2736689758","https://openalex.org/W2769236062","https://openalex.org/W2789366140","https://openalex.org/W2791607395","https://openalex.org/W2794547127","https://openalex.org/W2807093809","https://openalex.org/W2809699585","https://openalex.org/W2831756035","https://openalex.org/W2888404827","https://openalex.org/W2889730635","https://openalex.org/W2903061314","https://openalex.org/W2911010841","https://openalex.org/W2921807670","https://openalex.org/W2925449641","https://openalex.org/W2936307272","https://openalex.org/W2936486787","https://openalex.org/W2941020577","https://openalex.org/W2942214236","https://openalex.org/W2942631152","https://openalex.org/W2946799809","https://openalex.org/W2948594986","https://openalex.org/W2953151638","https://openalex.org/W2963936013","https://openalex.org/W2966657623","https://openalex.org/W2971057636","https://openalex.org/W2984249216","https://openalex.org/W2989986341","https://openalex.org/W2994640869","https://openalex.org/W2996569125","https://openalex.org/W2999372690","https://openalex.org/W3003933316","https://openalex.org/W3005389318","https://openalex.org/W3013692746","https://openalex.org/W3025238140","https://openalex.org/W3030569802","https://openalex.org/W3035764222","https://openalex.org/W3039570061","https://openalex.org/W3044376879","https://openalex.org/W3044496128","https://openalex.org/W3044508287","https://openalex.org/W3048436184","https://openalex.org/W3048734519","https://openalex.org/W3082260074","https://openalex.org/W3085134357","https://openalex.org/W3087721440","https://openalex.org/W3093009991","https://openalex.org/W3094595298","https://openalex.org/W3112017489","https://openalex.org/W3112840199","https://openalex.org/W3112867370","https://openalex.org/W3113175120","https://openalex.org/W3114315101","https://openalex.org/W3118165353","https://openalex.org/W3133531547","https://openalex.org/W3135469506","https://openalex.org/W3136545240","https://openalex.org/W3140793260","https://openalex.org/W3153396097","https://openalex.org/W3158040657","https://openalex.org/W3158419202","https://openalex.org/W3167655077","https://openalex.org/W3172881107","https://openalex.org/W3173434205","https://openalex.org/W3174645049","https://openalex.org/W3176291700","https://openalex.org/W3186342651","https://openalex.org/W3188247221","https://openalex.org/W3188644566","https://openalex.org/W3195152959","https://openalex.org/W3196415855","https://openalex.org/W3202091243","https://openalex.org/W3206906303","https://openalex.org/W3211449378","https://openalex.org/W3212224474","https://openalex.org/W3212382575","https://openalex.org/W4206830363","https://openalex.org/W4206995644","https://openalex.org/W4210537941","https://openalex.org/W4214607198","https://openalex.org/W4214830491","https://openalex.org/W4220653368","https://openalex.org/W4221049241","https://openalex.org/W4221106701","https://openalex.org/W4223451278","https://openalex.org/W4224854590","https://openalex.org/W4225851933","https://openalex.org/W4226156410","https://openalex.org/W4226200287","https://openalex.org/W4226370851","https://openalex.org/W4229014760","https://openalex.org/W4241021229","https://openalex.org/W4249700811","https://openalex.org/W4256395887","https://openalex.org/W4280606028","https://openalex.org/W4281768925","https://openalex.org/W4282598608","https://openalex.org/W4283325576","https://openalex.org/W4283388227","https://openalex.org/W4284690797","https://openalex.org/W4284971308","https://openalex.org/W4289110434","https://openalex.org/W4290465983","https://openalex.org/W4290706413","https://openalex.org/W4296917339","https://openalex.org/W4298141609","https://openalex.org/W4303684428","https://openalex.org/W4303945897","https://openalex.org/W4309003801","https://openalex.org/W4310873938","https://openalex.org/W4313216050","https://openalex.org/W4319161625","https://openalex.org/W4321489015","https://openalex.org/W4361017906","https://openalex.org/W4361204527","https://openalex.org/W4361217330","https://openalex.org/W4362633067","https://openalex.org/W4365504928","https://openalex.org/W4366411247","https://openalex.org/W4366827431","https://openalex.org/W4367839715","https://openalex.org/W4379806338","https://openalex.org/W4380991893","https://openalex.org/W4380995717","https://openalex.org/W4383213844","https://openalex.org/W4383336975","https://openalex.org/W4385062978","https://openalex.org/W4385267286","https://openalex.org/W4385285736","https://openalex.org/W4385635925","https://openalex.org/W4386004790","https://openalex.org/W4386689627","https://openalex.org/W4387251592","https://openalex.org/W4388760343","https://openalex.org/W4389192151","https://openalex.org/W4389567041","https://openalex.org/W4389884222","https://openalex.org/W4389937463","https://openalex.org/W4390095445","https://openalex.org/W4391139563","https://openalex.org/W4391426618","https://openalex.org/W4391553609","https://openalex.org/W4391611173","https://openalex.org/W4392620440","https://openalex.org/W4393084428","https://openalex.org/W4394565697","https://openalex.org/W4394946636","https://openalex.org/W4397034550","https://openalex.org/W4398164007","https://openalex.org/W4398173713","https://openalex.org/W4399235601","https://openalex.org/W4399375113","https://openalex.org/W4401414856","https://openalex.org/W4401845446","https://openalex.org/W4401910607","https://openalex.org/W4402239809","https://openalex.org/W4403600873","https://openalex.org/W4403758980","https://openalex.org/W4403778673","https://openalex.org/W4404524453","https://openalex.org/W4404528072","https://openalex.org/W4404643082","https://openalex.org/W4404693743","https://openalex.org/W4405180352","https://openalex.org/W4405601613","https://openalex.org/W4406488712","https://openalex.org/W4406612824","https://openalex.org/W4407265439","https://openalex.org/W4407449782","https://openalex.org/W4407681035","https://openalex.org/W4407687671","https://openalex.org/W4407742335","https://openalex.org/W4407846355","https://openalex.org/W4407852684","https://openalex.org/W4407960565","https://openalex.org/W4408179206","https://openalex.org/W4408275257","https://openalex.org/W4408355118","https://openalex.org/W4408634553","https://openalex.org/W4408862250","https://openalex.org/W4409249149","https://openalex.org/W4409290300","https://openalex.org/W4409333339","https://openalex.org/W4409782735","https://openalex.org/W4410382938","https://openalex.org/W4410738002","https://openalex.org/W4410753107","https://openalex.org/W4410910050","https://openalex.org/W4410970765","https://openalex.org/W4412087912","https://openalex.org/W4412610817","https://openalex.org/W4412631118","https://openalex.org/W4413291392","https://openalex.org/W4413902174","https://openalex.org/W4414647927","https://openalex.org/W4414679043","https://openalex.org/W4415301935"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,49,124,169],"review":[1,125,170],"critically":[2],"examines":[3],"advancements":[4],"in":[5,88,144],"sensing,":[6],"control,":[7],"and":[8,15,34,45,58,65,77,86,98,109,114,134,141,154,165,180,190],"networking":[9],"technologies":[10,53],"for":[11,61,103,120,177,186],"agricultural":[12,90],"robots":[13],"(AgRobots)":[14],"their":[16],"impact":[17],"on":[18,128],"modern":[19],"farming.":[20],"AgRobots\u2014including":[21],"Unmanned":[22,26,30],"Aerial":[23],"Vehicles":[24,28,32],"(UAVs),":[25],"Ground":[27],"(UGVs),":[29],"Surface":[31],"(USVs),":[33],"robotic":[35],"arms\u2014are":[36],"increasingly":[37],"adopted":[38],"to":[39,74,82,136,173],"address":[40],"labour":[41],"shortages,":[42],"sustainability":[43],"challenges,":[44,140],"rising":[46],"food":[47,188],"demand.":[48],"paper":[50],"reviews":[51],"sensing":[52],"such":[54,158],"as":[55,159],"cameras,":[56],"LiDAR,":[57],"multispectral":[59],"sensors":[60],"navigation,":[62],"object":[63],"detection,":[64],"environmental":[66,152],"perception.":[67],"Control":[68],"approaches,":[69],"from":[70],"classical":[71],"PID":[72],"(Proportional-Integral-Derivative)":[73],"advanced":[75],"nonlinear":[76],"learning-based":[78],"methods,":[79],"are":[80,101,118],"analysed":[81],"ensure":[83],"precision,":[84],"adaptability,":[85],"stability":[87],"dynamic":[89],"settings.":[91],"Networking":[92],"solutions,":[93],"including":[94],"ZigBee,":[95],"LoRaWAN,":[96],"5G,":[97],"emerging":[99],"6G,":[100],"evaluated":[102],"enabling":[104],"real-time":[105],"communication,":[106],"multi-robot":[107],"coordination,":[108],"data":[110],"management.":[111],"Swarm":[112],"robotics":[113],"hybrid":[115],"decentralized":[116],"architectures":[117],"highlighted":[119],"efficient":[121],"collective":[122],"operations.":[123],"is":[126,171],"based":[127],"the":[129],"literature":[130],"published":[131],"between":[132],"2015":[133],"2025":[135],"identify":[137],"key":[138],"trends,":[139],"future":[142],"directions":[143],"AgRobots.":[145],"While":[146],"AgRobots":[147],"promise":[148],"enhanced":[149],"productivity,":[150],"reduced":[151],"impact,":[153],"sustainable":[155,191],"practices,":[156],"barriers":[157],"high":[160],"costs,":[161],"complex":[162],"field":[163],"conditions,":[164],"regulatory":[166],"limitations":[167],"remain.":[168],"expected":[172],"provide":[174],"a":[175],"foundation":[176],"guiding":[178],"research":[179],"development":[181],"toward":[182],"innovative,":[183],"integrated":[184],"solutions":[185],"global":[187],"security":[189],"agriculture.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-09T15:46:55.921056","created_date":"2025-10-29T00:00:00"}
