{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410895435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14060075","title":"Task Scheduling with Mobile Robots\u2014A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Task Scheduling with Mobile Robots\u2014A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410895435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14060075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics14060075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14060075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/14/6/75/pdf?version=1748599656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/14/6/75/pdf?version=1748599656","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117309413","display_name":"Catarina Rema","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Catarina Rema","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC\u2013Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC\u2013Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022725672","display_name":"Pedro Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0435-8419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","INESC TEC\u2013Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0435-8419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC\u2013Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023258418","display_name":"Manuel F. Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-2865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83863532","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04988re48","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC\u2013Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-2865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC\u2013Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009707287","display_name":"E. J. Solteiro Pires","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-4926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo J. Solteiro Pires","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC\u2013Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-811 Vila Real, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-4926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC\u2013Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-811 Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5117309413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":10.7733,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98233118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"75","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.6639743447303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.566577136516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5188506841659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4883989691734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4708152413368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.46522045135498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.40563520789146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3196365237236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.301037073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.26206833124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.21292725205421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15062996745109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.08489322662353516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.6639743447303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.566577136516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5188506841659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4883989691734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4708152413368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.46522045135498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40563520789146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3196365237236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.301037073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.26206833124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.21292725205421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15062996745109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.08489322662353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics14060075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14060075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/14/6/75/pdf?version=1748599656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b44c5289ea84fa2b675800393f61fa2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b44c5289ea84fa2b675800393f61fa2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 75 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics14060075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14060075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/14/6/75/pdf?version=1748599656","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6105681291","display_name":"INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC)","funder_award_id":"LA/P/0063/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6560966372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.54499/LA/P/0063/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410895435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410895435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653441760","https://openalex.org/W1501081812","https://openalex.org/W1983350566","https://openalex.org/W2018545447","https://openalex.org/W2046437335","https://openalex.org/W2105002757","https://openalex.org/W2150220236","https://openalex.org/W2157867694","https://openalex.org/W2205102597","https://openalex.org/W2593221340","https://openalex.org/W2788841986","https://openalex.org/W2888963186","https://openalex.org/W2891372415","https://openalex.org/W2905150423","https://openalex.org/W2944727890","https://openalex.org/W2954289276","https://openalex.org/W2973214520","https://openalex.org/W2986271543","https://openalex.org/W3003419222","https://openalex.org/W3006738689","https://openalex.org/W3008944235","https://openalex.org/W3030914685","https://openalex.org/W3049715010","https://openalex.org/W3099350049","https://openalex.org/W3127942406","https://openalex.org/W3134945800","https://openalex.org/W3139037142","https://openalex.org/W3160217390","https://openalex.org/W3176499451","https://openalex.org/W3182571737","https://openalex.org/W3184116135","https://openalex.org/W3216513979","https://openalex.org/W4205944622","https://openalex.org/W4210714644","https://openalex.org/W4210994621","https://openalex.org/W4224306558","https://openalex.org/W4232352174","https://openalex.org/W4254022027","https://openalex.org/W4294114281","https://openalex.org/W4294215472","https://openalex.org/W4311261673","https://openalex.org/W4312163173","https://openalex.org/W4312362982","https://openalex.org/W4312819473","https://openalex.org/W4313036432","https://openalex.org/W4313530645","https://openalex.org/W4313890155","https://openalex.org/W4316021953","https://openalex.org/W4317792389","https://openalex.org/W4321254709","https://openalex.org/W4362576405","https://openalex.org/W4378381897","https://openalex.org/W4378717473","https://openalex.org/W4383502243","https://openalex.org/W4383502658","https://openalex.org/W4385687110","https://openalex.org/W4386172330","https://openalex.org/W4386450651","https://openalex.org/W4386820855","https://openalex.org/W4387569849","https://openalex.org/W4387698328","https://openalex.org/W4387914526","https://openalex.org/W4388819705","https://openalex.org/W4389665660","https://openalex.org/W4390086763","https://openalex.org/W4392672995","https://openalex.org/W4392812883","https://openalex.org/W4392975127","https://openalex.org/W4394829830","https://openalex.org/W4396855930","https://openalex.org/W4399797387","https://openalex.org/W4400233162","https://openalex.org/W4400321493","https://openalex.org/W4400905343","https://openalex.org/W4401061078","https://openalex.org/W4401100815","https://openalex.org/W4401157088","https://openalex.org/W4402040471","https://openalex.org/W4402274306","https://openalex.org/W4403094318","https://openalex.org/W4403398416","https://openalex.org/W4403436410","https://openalex.org/W4403676184","https://openalex.org/W6682642761","https://openalex.org/W6842877462","https://openalex.org/W7024531247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2395691387","https://openalex.org/W2792383399","https://openalex.org/W8302103","https://openalex.org/W3024289321","https://openalex.org/W2766255174","https://openalex.org/W4200400515","https://openalex.org/W2122871747","https://openalex.org/W3213722473","https://openalex.org/W2110944602","https://openalex.org/W3114279067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,138],"advent":[1],"of":[2,79,129,132,144,168,197],"Industry":[3],"4.0,":[4],"driven":[5],"by":[6,101],"automation":[7],"and":[8,46,60,71,122,148,171,187,192],"real-time":[9],"data":[10],"analysis,":[11],"offers":[12],"significant":[13],"opportunities":[14],"to":[15,39,76,86,151,157],"revolutionize":[16],"manufacturing,":[17],"with":[18,135],"mobile":[19,136],"robots":[20],"playing":[21],"a":[22,98],"central":[23],"role":[24],"in":[25,174],"boosting":[26],"productivity.":[27],"In":[28],"smart":[29],"job":[30],"shops,":[31],"scheduling":[32,134,177],"tasks":[33],"involves":[34],"not":[35],"only":[36],"assigning":[37],"work":[38],"machines":[40],"but":[41],"also":[42],"managing":[43],"robot":[44],"allocation":[45],"travel":[47],"times,":[48],"thus":[49],"extending":[50],"traditional":[51],"problems":[52],"like":[53],"the":[54,77,126,130,141,166,175],"Job":[55],"Shop":[56],"Scheduling":[57],"Problem":[58,63],"(JSSP)":[59],"Traveling":[61],"Salesman":[62],"(TSP).":[64],"Common":[65],"solution":[66],"methods":[67],"include":[68],"heuristics,":[69],"metaheuristics,":[70],"hybrid":[72,149],"methods.":[73],"However,":[74],"due":[75],"complexity":[78],"these":[80,161,184],"problems,":[81],"existing":[82],"models":[83],"often":[84],"struggle":[85],"provide":[87],"efficient":[88],"optimal":[89],"solutions.":[90],"Machine":[91],"learning,":[92],"particularly":[93],"reinforcement":[94],"learning":[95,102,146],"(RL),":[96],"presents":[97],"promising":[99],"approach":[100],"from":[103],"environmental":[104],"interactions,":[105],"offering":[106],"effective":[107],"solutions":[108,185],"for":[109,182,189,194],"task":[110,133,176],"scheduling.":[111],"This":[112],"systematic":[113],"literature":[114],"review":[115,139],"analyzes":[116],"71":[117],"papers":[118],"published":[119],"between":[120],"2014":[121],"2024,":[123],"critically":[124],"evaluating":[125],"current":[127],"state":[128],"art":[131],"robots.":[137,198],"identifies":[140],"increasing":[142],"use":[143],"machine":[145],"techniques":[147],"approaches":[150],"address":[152],"more":[153],"complex":[154],"scenarios,":[155],"thanks":[156],"their":[158],"adaptability.":[159],"Despite":[160],"advancements,":[162],"challenges":[163],"remain,":[164],"including":[165],"integration":[167],"path":[169],"planning":[170],"obstacle":[172],"avoidance":[173],"problem,":[178],"which":[179],"is":[180],"crucial":[181],"making":[183],"stable":[186],"reliable":[188],"real-world":[190],"applications":[191],"scaling":[193],"larger":[195],"fleets":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
