{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405943925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14010002","title":"Determining the Proper Force Parameters for Robotized Pipetting Devices Used in Automated Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)","display_name":"Determining the Proper Force Parameters for Robotized Pipetting Devices Used in Automated Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405943925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14010002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics14010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/14/1/2/pdf?version=1735376099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/14/1/2/pdf?version=1735376099","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074272617","display_name":"Melania-Olivia Sandu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3998-3183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melania-Olivia Sandu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053844715","display_name":"Valentin Ciupe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-279X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valentin Ciupe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-279X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002832211","display_name":"C. M. Gruescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7917-3040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corina-Mihaela Gruescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008307063","display_name":"Robert Kristof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4613-2610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Kristof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065952476","display_name":"Carmen Sticlaru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1624-415X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Sticlaru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006586541","display_name":"Elida-Gabriela Tulcan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-7849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elida-Gabriela Tulcan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-7849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timi\u0219oara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053844715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.336,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57221303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11301","display_name":"Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipette","display_name":"Pipette","score":0.9613516926765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6635390520095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6374763250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5635756850242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4597947299480438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.4319690763950348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.41396594047546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3841709494590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.381191223859787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3177313804626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2444625198841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.16622960567474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12943893671035767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163373","display_name":"Pipette","level":2,"score":0.9613516926765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6635390520095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6374763250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5635756850242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4597947299480438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4319690763950348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.41396594047546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3841709494590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.381191223859787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3177313804626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2444625198841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16622960567474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12943893671035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics14010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/14/1/2/pdf?version=1735376099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4542e1f7e24498691ef3079e3c8fa34","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c4542e1f7e24498691ef3079e3c8fa34","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 2 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics14010002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics14010002","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/14/1/2/pdf?version=1735376099","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324413","display_name":"Universitatea Politehnica Timisoara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405943925.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405943925.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566834698","https://openalex.org/W1677601221","https://openalex.org/W1975139542","https://openalex.org/W2028173473","https://openalex.org/W2042175112","https://openalex.org/W2069484370","https://openalex.org/W2084675209","https://openalex.org/W2096994759","https://openalex.org/W2135295076","https://openalex.org/W2164833700","https://openalex.org/W2302948574","https://openalex.org/W2432137114","https://openalex.org/W2576404523","https://openalex.org/W3004682517","https://openalex.org/W3025948831","https://openalex.org/W3048752430","https://openalex.org/W3116369102","https://openalex.org/W3132751860","https://openalex.org/W3138769367","https://openalex.org/W3166730306","https://openalex.org/W4245949656","https://openalex.org/W4303613933","https://openalex.org/W4365791415","https://openalex.org/W4366773866","https://openalex.org/W4385245781","https://openalex.org/W4387849067","https://openalex.org/W4389065400","https://openalex.org/W4399041173","https://openalex.org/W4402865817","https://openalex.org/W4403107953","https://openalex.org/W4403800633","https://openalex.org/W4405071367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2527888227","https://openalex.org/W2335837029","https://openalex.org/W2043403464","https://openalex.org/W2236318108","https://openalex.org/W2333119910","https://openalex.org/W2358667400","https://openalex.org/W2018853599","https://openalex.org/W2992534160","https://openalex.org/W1595058678","https://openalex.org/W3022812046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,16,42,68,109,144],"provide":[4],"a":[5,17,83],"set":[6],"of":[7,30,134,142],"experimentally":[8],"determined":[9],"forces":[10,111],"needed":[11],"for":[12,34,64,89,97],"gripping":[13,124],"operations":[14],"related":[15],"robotically":[18],"manipulated":[19],"microliter":[20],"manual":[21],"pipette.":[22],"The":[23,76,105],"experiments":[24],"are":[25,54],"conducted":[26],"within":[27],"the":[28,62,90,113,122,127,132,138,147,149],"scope":[29],"automated":[31,47],"sample":[32],"processing":[33],"polymerase":[35],"chain":[36],"reaction":[37],"(PCR)":[38],"analysis":[39],"in":[40],"small-sized":[41],"medium-sized":[43],"laboratories":[44],"where":[45,52],"dedicated":[46,84],"equipment":[48],"is":[49,59,108,155],"absent":[50],"and":[51,67,94,102,120,126,140,145],"procedures":[53],"carried":[55],"out":[56],"manually.":[57],"Automation":[58],"justified":[60],"by":[61,73],"requirement":[63],"increased":[65],"efficiency":[66],"eliminate":[69],"possible":[70],"errors":[71],"generated":[72],"lab":[74],"technicians.":[75],"test":[77],"system":[78],"comprises":[79],"an":[80],"industrial":[81],"robot;":[82],"custom":[85],"gripper":[86],"assembly":[87],"necessary":[88],"pipette;":[91],"pipetting":[92],"tips;":[93],"mechanical":[95],"holders":[96],"tubes":[98],"with":[99],"chemical":[100],"substances":[101],"genetic":[103],"material.":[104],"selected":[106],"approach":[107],"measure":[110],"using":[112],"robot\u2019s":[114,128],"built-in":[115],"force\u2013torque":[116],"sensor":[117],"while":[118],"controlling":[119],"limiting":[121],"pipette\u2019s":[123],"force":[125,154],"pushing":[129],"force.":[130],"Because":[131],"manipulation":[133],"different":[135],"materials":[136],"requires":[137],"attachment":[139],"discarding":[141],"tips":[143],"from":[146],"pipette,":[148],"operator\u2019s":[150],"perceived":[151],"tip":[152],"release":[153],"also":[156],"considered.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}