{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389478009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12060167","title":"Evaluating the Performance of Mobile-Convolutional Neural Networks for Spatial and Temporal Human Action Recognition Analysis","display_name":"Evaluating the Performance of Mobile-Convolutional Neural Networks for Spatial and Temporal Human Action Recognition Analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389478009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12060167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics12060167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12060167","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/12/6/167/pdf?version=1702033545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/12/6/167/pdf?version=1702033545","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092895681","display_name":"Stavros N. Moutsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3824-3821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stavros N. Moutsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 12 Vas. Sophias, GR-671 32 Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3824-3821","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 12 Vas. Sophias, GR-671 32 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042816249","display_name":"Konstantinos A. Tsintotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-2601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos A. Tsintotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 12 Vas. Sophias, GR-671 32 Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-2601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 12 Vas. Sophias, GR-671 32 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026897735","display_name":"Ioannis Kansizoglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-6442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Kansizoglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 12 Vas. Sophias, GR-671 32 Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-6442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 12 Vas. Sophias, GR-671 32 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084139328","display_name":"\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-0332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Gasteratos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 12 Vas. Sophias, GR-671 32 Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5421-0332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 12 Vas. Sophias, GR-671 32 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092895681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.0597,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79897418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"167","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8010119795799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7107600569725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6772607564926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-recognition","display_name":"Action recognition","score":0.5722176432609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.5156816244125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5113072395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.506782591342926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5040894746780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.49369415640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.41976457834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.41138750314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3945396840572357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8010119795799255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7107600569725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6772607564926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987834672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Action recognition","level":3,"score":0.5722176432609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.5156816244125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5113072395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.506782591342926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5040894746780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.49369415640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.41976457834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.41138750314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3945396840572357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics12060167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12060167","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/12/6/167/pdf?version=1702033545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e3b3f099b83945e9ab6011e7f768c28c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e3b3f099b83945e9ab6011e7f768c28c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 167 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics12060167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12060167","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/12/6/167/pdf?version=1702033545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389478009.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1873421284","https://openalex.org/W1923404803","https://openalex.org/W1947481528","https://openalex.org/W1963520111","https://openalex.org/W1981781955","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W2038765747","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2105101328","https://openalex.org/W2106996050","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2124635854","https://openalex.org/W2126579184","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2144380653","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2156303437","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2165715280","https://openalex.org/W2287866429","https://openalex.org/W2342662179","https://openalex.org/W2507009361","https://openalex.org/W2520114359","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2551176409","https://openalex.org/W2580899942","https://openalex.org/W2586112617","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2736707111","https://openalex.org/W2742318416","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2769581371","https://openalex.org/W2782776028","https://openalex.org/W2798428730","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2901751978","https://openalex.org/W2907757700","https://openalex.org/W2912507201","https://openalex.org/W2917819557","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2940457086","https://openalex.org/W2944006115","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2962834855","https://openalex.org/W2962852931","https://openalex.org/W2962861284","https://openalex.org/W2963076818","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W2963218601","https://openalex.org/W2963315828","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2963775820","https://openalex.org/W2963918968","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964134613","https://openalex.org/W2964191259","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2967733054","https://openalex.org/W2969896647","https://openalex.org/W2990503944","https://openalex.org/W2991155419","https://openalex.org/W2993635975","https://openalex.org/W3013318875","https://openalex.org/W3025689158","https://openalex.org/W3035050855","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3039961328","https://openalex.org/W3044084016","https://openalex.org/W3049475126","https://openalex.org/W3093960966","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3151130473","https://openalex.org/W3153052322","https://openalex.org/W3154715315","https://openalex.org/W3155277185","https://openalex.org/W3158830199","https://openalex.org/W3194788396","https://openalex.org/W4200210081","https://openalex.org/W4200348949","https://openalex.org/W4206706211","https://openalex.org/W4206815893","https://openalex.org/W4214522912","https://openalex.org/W4221152513","https://openalex.org/W4225108957","https://openalex.org/W4226275528","https://openalex.org/W4281997767","https://openalex.org/W4282981352","https://openalex.org/W4283390251","https://openalex.org/W4288425377","https://openalex.org/W4289829090","https://openalex.org/W4289829313","https://openalex.org/W4291909673","https://openalex.org/W4292387559","https://openalex.org/W4292387633","https://openalex.org/W4294343556","https://openalex.org/W4309631573","https://openalex.org/W4310733671","https://openalex.org/W4312245992","https://openalex.org/W4312263092","https://openalex.org/W4312783395","https://openalex.org/W4317622374","https://openalex.org/W4324156295","https://openalex.org/W4364323147","https://openalex.org/W4367598041","https://openalex.org/W4382998948","https://openalex.org/W4386091161","https://openalex.org/W4386833295","https://openalex.org/W4389988942","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6682864246","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6762585180","https://openalex.org/W6838532648","https://openalex.org/W6847379904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082178636","https://openalex.org/W1521968289","https://openalex.org/W2782041652","https://openalex.org/W2952088488","https://openalex.org/W4225394202","https://openalex.org/W4298287631","https://openalex.org/W2953061907","https://openalex.org/W2004108207","https://openalex.org/W2901551566","https://openalex.org/W2796878614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"action":[1,68],"recognition":[2,69],"is":[3,213],"a":[4,11,14,18,125,132,197],"computer":[5],"vision":[6,43],"task":[7],"that":[8,23,60,81,205,218],"identifies":[9],"how":[10,109],"person":[12],"or":[13,31,228],"group":[15],"acts":[16],"on":[17,25,78,141,151],"video":[19],"sequence.":[20],"Various":[21],"methods":[22],"rely":[24],"deep-learning":[26],"techniques,":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29,166,168],"two-":[30],"three-dimensional":[32],"convolutional":[33],"neural":[34,39],"networks":[35,40,212],"(2D-CNNs,":[36],"3D-CNNs),":[37],"recurrent":[38],"(RNNs),":[41],"and":[42,73,117,131,143,154,163,176,220],"transformers":[44],"(ViT),":[45],"have":[46],"been":[47],"proposed":[48],"to":[49,124,231],"address":[50],"this":[51,89],"problem":[52],"over":[53,97],"the":[54,58,63,74,98,158,169,188,194,210,223],"years.":[55],"Motivated":[56],"by":[57,84,209],"fact":[59],"most":[61],"of":[62,76,101,157,180,203],"used":[64],"CNNs":[65,112],"in":[66,88,120],"human":[67],"present":[70],"high":[71],"complexity,":[72],"necessity":[75],"implementations":[77],"mobile":[79],"platforms":[80],"are":[82,145,172],"characterized":[83],"restricted":[85],"computational":[86,134],"resources,":[87],"article,":[90],"we":[91,107],"conduct":[92],"an":[93],"extensive":[94],"evaluation":[95],"protocol":[96],"performance":[99,230],"metrics":[100],"five":[102],"lightweight":[103],"architectures.":[104],"In":[105],"particular,":[106],"examine":[108],"these":[110],"mobile-oriented":[111],"(viz.,":[113],"ShuffleNet-v2,":[114],"EfficientNet-b0,":[115],"MobileNet-v3,":[116],"GhostNet)":[118],"execute":[119],"spatial":[121],"analysis":[122,199],"compared":[123],"recent":[126],"tiny":[127],"ViT,":[128],"namely":[129],"EVA-02-Ti,":[130],"higher":[133],"model,":[135],"ResNet-50.":[136,232],"Our":[137,215],"models,":[138],"previously":[139],"trained":[140,211],"ImageNet":[142],"BU101,":[144],"measured":[146],"for":[147,187],"their":[148],"classification":[149],"accuracy":[150],"HMDB51,":[152],"UCF101,":[153],"six":[155],"classes":[156],"NTU":[159],"dataset.":[160],"The":[161],"average":[162],"max":[164],"scores,":[165],"well":[167],"voting":[170],"approaches,":[171],"generated":[173],"through":[174],"three":[175],"fifteen":[177],"RGB":[178],"frames":[179],"each":[181],"video,":[182],"while":[183],"two":[184],"different":[185],"rates":[186],"dropout":[189],"layers":[190],"were":[191],"assessed":[192],"during":[193],"training.":[195],"Last,":[196],"temporal":[198],"via":[200],"multiple":[201],"types":[202],"RNNs":[204],"employ":[206],"features":[207],"extracted":[208],"examined.":[214],"results":[216],"reveal":[217],"EfficientNet-b0":[219],"EVA-02-Ti":[221],"surpass":[222],"other":[224],"mobile-CNNs,":[225],"achieving":[226],"comparable":[227],"superior":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T17:24:06.736184","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
