{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366826330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12030063","title":"Towards Safe Robotic Agricultural Applications: Safe Navigation System Design for a Robotic Grass-Mowing Application through the Risk Management Method","display_name":"Towards Safe Robotic Agricultural Applications: Safe Navigation System Design for a Robotic Grass-Mowing Application through the Risk Management Method","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366826330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12030063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics12030063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12030063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/12/3/63/pdf?version=1682304001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/12/3/63/pdf?version=1682304001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084348073","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Mayoral Ba\u00f1os","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Mayoral Ba\u00f1os","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 \u00c5s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059695621","display_name":"P\u00e5l Johan From","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-7555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P\u00e5l Johan From","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 \u00c5s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1430 \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036667542","display_name":"Grzegorz Cielniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-8465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grzegorz Cielniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lincoln Institute for Agrifood Technology, University of Lincoln (UoL), Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-8465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lincoln Institute for Agrifood Technology, University of Lincoln (UoL), Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084348073"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":3.243,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9143453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"63","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5805589556694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5623428821563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.48777538537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.48045700788497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4718625247478485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4700568914413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.46367430686950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4310291111469269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4179840385913849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3688966929912567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32225120067596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2299932837486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.0891135036945343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5805589556694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5623428821563721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.48777538537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.48045700788497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4718625247478485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4700568914413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.46367430686950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4310291111469269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4179840385913849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3688966929912567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32225120067596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2299932837486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0891135036945343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics12030063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12030063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/12/3/63/pdf?version=1682304001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lincoln.ac.uk:54478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196275","display_name":"Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","host_organization_name":"University of Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0850f2707afc4c8983c84836fea007fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0850f2707afc4c8983c84836fea007fc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 63 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24875745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Towards_Safe_Robotic_Agricultural_Applications_Safe_Navigation_System_Design_for_a_Robotic_Grass-Mowing_Application_through_the_Risk_Management_Method/24875745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2218-6581/12/3/63/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics12030063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics; Volume 12; Issue 3; Pages: 63","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics12030063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics12030063","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/12/3/63/pdf?version=1682304001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366826330.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963676367","https://openalex.org/W2045134164","https://openalex.org/W2059993653","https://openalex.org/W2113047066","https://openalex.org/W2130610946","https://openalex.org/W2157685395","https://openalex.org/W2202906899","https://openalex.org/W2226811997","https://openalex.org/W2294538690","https://openalex.org/W2472944192","https://openalex.org/W2561065014","https://openalex.org/W2606126819","https://openalex.org/W2789655946","https://openalex.org/W2810519341","https://openalex.org/W2910395230","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2970452918","https://openalex.org/W2980916669","https://openalex.org/W2995994223","https://openalex.org/W3005302031","https://openalex.org/W3007469703","https://openalex.org/W3010621561","https://openalex.org/W3026285520","https://openalex.org/W3033407184","https://openalex.org/W3033803640","https://openalex.org/W3088348166","https://openalex.org/W3133018151","https://openalex.org/W3135723415","https://openalex.org/W3173324892","https://openalex.org/W3188644566","https://openalex.org/W4229856339","https://openalex.org/W4290755538","https://openalex.org/W4293691700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508899372","https://openalex.org/W2039460805","https://openalex.org/W4250956039","https://openalex.org/W4240485100","https://openalex.org/W2056130799","https://openalex.org/W2045758229","https://openalex.org/W405964254","https://openalex.org/W4254970379","https://openalex.org/W2122871747","https://openalex.org/W3114279067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safe":[0],"navigation":[1],"is":[2,31,43,74,110],"a":[3,27,67,87],"key":[4],"objective":[5],"for":[6,45,76,97],"autonomous":[7,99],"applications,":[8,48],"particularly":[9],"those":[10,50],"involving":[11],"mobile":[12,41,68],"tasks,":[13],"to":[14,21],"avoid":[15],"dangerous":[16],"situations":[17],"and":[18,112,133],"prevent":[19],"harm":[20],"humans.":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,55,92,95,103,119,134],"integration":[25,85],"of":[26,86,94,105,121,128,136],"risk":[28,88],"management":[29,89],"process":[30,90],"not":[32],"yet":[33],"mandatory":[34],"in":[35,51,59,114,126],"robotics":[36],"development.":[37],"Ensuring":[38],"safety":[39,124],"using":[40],"robots":[42],"critical":[44],"many":[46],"real-world":[47],"especially":[49],"which":[52],"contact":[53],"with":[54,70,102],"robot":[56],"could":[57],"result":[58],"fatal":[60],"consequences,":[61],"such":[62],"as":[63],"agricultural":[64],"environments":[65],"where":[66],"device":[69],"an":[71,83,98],"industrial":[72],"cutter":[73],"used":[75],"grass-mowing.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"explicit":[84],"into":[91],"design":[93],"software":[96],"grass":[100],"mower,":[101],"aim":[104],"enhancing":[106],"safety.":[107],"Our":[108],"approach":[109],"tested":[111],"validated":[113],"simulated":[115],"scenarios":[116],"that":[117],"assess":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"different":[122],"custom":[123],"functionalities":[125],"terms":[127],"collision":[129],"prevention,":[130],"execution":[131],"time,":[132],"number":[135],"required":[137],"human":[138],"interventions.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2023-04-25T00:00:00"}
