{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296106770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11050092","title":"Social Robots Outdo the Not-So-Social Media for Self-Disclosure: Safe Machines Preferred to Unsafe Humans?","display_name":"Social Robots Outdo the Not-So-Social Media for Self-Disclosure: Safe Machines Preferred to Unsafe Humans?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296106770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11050092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics11050092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11050092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/11/5/92/pdf?version=1662891420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/11/5/92/pdf?version=1662891420","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083973119","display_name":"Rowling L. Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rowling L. Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071482530","display_name":"Thea X. Y. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thea X. Y. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016956628","display_name":"Derrick H.-C. Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derrick H.-C. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087594729","display_name":"Johan F. Hoorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3427-5681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johan F. Hoorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3427-5681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102838714","display_name":"Shiming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-3630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivy S. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-3630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087594729"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.1243,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87154127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"92","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loneliness","display_name":"Loneliness","score":0.6813158988952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6271418333053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6028139591217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.5866139531135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-connectedness","display_name":"Social connectedness","score":0.545046865940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.5252392292022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood","display_name":"Mood","score":0.5063711404800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.47520288825035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.47154903411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-anxiety","display_name":"Social anxiety","score":0.4356178045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-disclosure","display_name":"Self-disclosure","score":0.43063223361968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.41860058903694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.4026453495025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.3379198908805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.32253265380859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2001938819885254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779998236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223270","display_name":"Loneliness","level":2,"score":0.6813158988952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6271418333053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6028139591217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.5866139531135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201943243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551008","display_name":"Social connectedness","level":2,"score":0.545046865940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.5252392292022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.5063711404800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.47520288825035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.47154903411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777545354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3557657","display_name":"Social anxiety","level":3,"score":0.4356178045272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892912","display_name":"Self-disclosure","level":2,"score":0.43063223361968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.41860058903694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.4026453495025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.3379198908805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.32253265380859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2001938819885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65401140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353385","display_name":"Robot control","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics11050092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11050092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/11/5/92/pdf?version=1662891420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/107070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/107070","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/107070/1/robotics-11-00092-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ac56633d8f346a1a9fd866833da159e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ac56633d8f346a1a9fd866833da159e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 92 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2218-6581/11/5/92/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics11050092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Robotics; Volume 11; Issue 5; Pages: 92","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/robotics11050092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics11050092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2218-6581/11/5/92/pdf?version=1662891420","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210232487","display_name":"Robotics","issn_l":"2218-6581","issn":["2218-6581"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296106770.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296106770.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505277916","https://openalex.org/W1604857681","https://openalex.org/W1969523166","https://openalex.org/W1972681030","https://openalex.org/W1974740257","https://openalex.org/W1977484517","https://openalex.org/W1998757724","https://openalex.org/W2008255947","https://openalex.org/W2024086859","https://openalex.org/W2042093593","https://openalex.org/W2042714524","https://openalex.org/W2068345073","https://openalex.org/W2068511562","https://openalex.org/W2078570631","https://openalex.org/W2105938655","https://openalex.org/W2116926372","https://openalex.org/W2117485795","https://openalex.org/W2125036394","https://openalex.org/W2136144700","https://openalex.org/W2157300266","https://openalex.org/W2160766738","https://openalex.org/W2282380228","https://openalex.org/W2335138465","https://openalex.org/W2552441656","https://openalex.org/W2553776800","https://openalex.org/W2591318195","https://openalex.org/W2745234561","https://openalex.org/W2765166787","https://openalex.org/W2788624819","https://openalex.org/W2790812169","https://openalex.org/W2793192945","https://openalex.org/W2808281222","https://openalex.org/W2899906340","https://openalex.org/W2901626839","https://openalex.org/W2912084653","https://openalex.org/W2928135755","https://openalex.org/W2943926189","https://openalex.org/W2944285188","https://openalex.org/W2954086460","https://openalex.org/W2962948182","https://openalex.org/W2981616954","https://openalex.org/W3000973909","https://openalex.org/W3024207959","https://openalex.org/W3033293603","https://openalex.org/W3042342080","https://openalex.org/W3044534474","https://openalex.org/W3047729183","https://openalex.org/W3092887305","https://openalex.org/W3094083658","https://openalex.org/W3113432594","https://openalex.org/W3119676664","https://openalex.org/W3159210867","https://openalex.org/W3167193318","https://openalex.org/W3184171812","https://openalex.org/W3197338478","https://openalex.org/W3216916068","https://openalex.org/W4210320255","https://openalex.org/W4225099667","https://openalex.org/W4244279048","https://openalex.org/W4282946048","https://openalex.org/W6630780453","https://openalex.org/W6703403474","https://openalex.org/W6772473908","https://openalex.org/W6781228938","https://openalex.org/W6784701876","https://openalex.org/W6810632103","https://openalex.org/W6813711807","https://openalex.org/W6815789224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3112311188","https://openalex.org/W2317255260","https://openalex.org/W2308413298","https://openalex.org/W2141620662","https://openalex.org/W4312102834","https://openalex.org/W4382699229","https://openalex.org/W2348377837","https://openalex.org/W3113068080","https://openalex.org/W4225283747","https://openalex.org/W3013708841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"COVID-19":[0],"may":[1,60],"not":[2,148],"be":[3],"a":[4,19,70,78,86,94,122,128,144,189,198],"\u2018youth":[5],"disease\u2019":[6],"but":[7],"it":[8],"nevertheless":[9],"impacts":[10],"the":[11,117,152],"life":[12],"of":[13,37,55,81,154],"young":[14,28],"people":[15,29],"dramatically,":[16],"loneliness":[17],"and":[18,182,187,197],"negative":[20,49,83,107],"mood":[21,108],"being":[22],"an":[23,102,175],"unexpected":[24],"additional":[25],"pandemic.":[26],"Many":[27],"rely":[30],"on":[31,51,72,77,135,139,167],"social":[32,42,65,87,104,136,140,180],"media":[33,43,88,141],"for":[34,67,156,174,184,200],"their":[35,133],"feeling":[36],"connectedness":[38],"with":[39],"others.":[40],"However,":[41],"is":[44],"suggested":[45],"to":[46,57,63,85,92,99,101,121],"have":[47],"many":[48],"effects":[50],"people\u2019s":[52],"anxiety.":[53],"Instead":[54],"self-disclosing":[56,82],"others,":[58],"design":[59,153,172],"develop":[61],"alternatives":[62,173],"employ":[64],"robots":[66,181],"self-disclosure.":[68],"In":[69,151],"follow-up":[71],"earlier":[73],"work,":[74],"we":[75,170],"report":[76],"lab":[79],"experiment":[80],"emotions":[84],"group":[89],"as":[90],"compared":[91],"writing":[93,127,143],"conventional":[95],"diary":[96],"journal":[97,129,145],"or":[98,131,142],"talking":[100,120],"AI-driven":[103],"robot":[105,123],"after":[106],"induction":[109],"(i.e.,":[110],"viewing":[111],"shocking":[112],"earthquake":[113],"footage).":[114],"Participants":[115],"benefitted":[116],"most":[118],"from":[119,126],"rather":[124],"than":[125],"page":[130,146],"sharing":[132],"feelings":[134],"media.":[137],"Self-disclosure":[138],"did":[147],"differ":[149],"significantly.":[150],"interventions":[155],"mental":[157],"well-being,":[158],"human":[159],"helpers":[160],"thus":[161],"far":[162],"took":[163],"center":[164],"stage.":[165],"Based":[166],"our":[168],"results,":[169],"propose":[171],"empathic":[176],"smart":[177,193],"home,":[178],"featuring":[179],"chatbots":[183],"alleviating":[185],"stress":[186],"anxiety:":[188],"social-media":[190],"interference":[191],"chatbot,":[192],"watch":[194],"plus":[195],"speaker,":[196],"mirror":[199],"self-reflection.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-09-17T00:00:00"}
